Name: newton's third law in motion
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:40.000Z
Duration: 1 min 8 s
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K12 Standards

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North Carolina K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Physics

motion-and-stability-forces-and-interactions

Motion and Stability- Forces and Interactions

PS.Phy.2.2

Newton's Third Law: Examples

Trzecie prawo Newtona mówi, że każde działanie ma równą i przeciwną reakcję. Można to zrozumieć na przykładach.
Jeśli uderzysz młotkiem w gwóźdź, gwóźdź wnika głębiej w drewno ze względu na siłę działania. W konsekwencji siła działająca na gwóźdź popycha młotek do tyłu.
Wyobraźmy sobie mężczyznę siedzącego na fotelu. Działa na niego siła spowodowana grawitacją. Fotel wywiera równą i przeciwną normalną siłę, która utrzymuje go w bezruchu.
Nie jest to jednak para "akcja-reakcja", ponieważ siły działają na to samo ciało. Siła grawitacji wywierana przez człowieka na Ziemi jest parą reakcji na przyciąganie go przez Ziemię.
Ponadto, w reakcji na normalną siłę działającą przez fotel, mężczyzna wywiera równą siłę na fotel. Dlatego nie tylko siły kontaktowe, ale także siły bezkontaktowe, takie jak siła grawitacji, również podlegają trzeciemu prawu Newtona.

trzecie prawo newtona: przykłady

Trzecie prawo Newtona stwierdza, że ​​każde działanie wywołuje równą i przeciwną reakcję. Wyobraźmy sobie pływaka odpychającego się od brzegu basenu. Odpycha się on stopami od ściany basenu i przyspiesza w kierunku przeciwnym do kierunku, w którym pcha. Dzieje się tak, ponieważ ściana wywiera na pływaka równą siłę o przeciwnym kierunku. Tutaj siły nie znoszą się wzajemnie, ponieważ działają na różne układy. W tym przypadku mamy do czynienia z dwoma systemami: pływakiem i ścianą. Jeśli jako układ będący przedmiotem zainteresowania wybierzemy pływaka, siła nacisku ściany działająca na stopy jest siłą zewnętrzną działającą na ten układ i wpływa na jego ruch. Dlatego pływak porusza się w kierunku tej siły. Natomiast siła nacisku stóp na ścianę działa na ścianę, a nie na nasz system będący przedmiotem zainteresowania. Tym samym siła nacisku stóp na ścianę nie wpływa bezpośrednio na ruch systemu i nie niweluje siły nacisku ściany na stopy. Pływak pcha w kierunku przeciwnym do tego, w którym chce się poruszać. Reakcja na nacisk pchnięcia jest zatem w pożądanym kierunku.

Inne przykłady trzeciego prawa Newtona to:

<ol style="list-style-type: circle;">
	<li>Profesor spacerujący przed tablicą wywiera siłę skierowaną w tył na podłogę. Podłoga wywiera na profesora siłę reakcji skierowaną do przodu, która powoduje jego przyspieszenie do przodu.</li>
	<li>Kiedy osoba ciągnie pionową linę w dół, lina ciągnie tę osobę w górę.</li>
	<li>Helikoptery wytwarzają siłę nośną, wypychając powietrze w dół, co wywołuje siłę reakcji skierowaną w górę.</li>
</ol>

Ten tekst jest adaptacją <a href="https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-1/pages/5-5-newtons-thhircie-law">Openstax, University Physics, tom 1, sekcja 5.5: Trzecie prawo Newtona</a>.

Trzecie prawo Newtona: przykłady

Trzecie prawo Newtona mówi, że każde działanie ma równą i przeciwną reakcję. Wyobraźmy sobie pływaka, który odpycha się od brzegu basenu. Naciskają na ...

Education

JoVE Core

Fizyka

Unit 1

Jednostka 1

Newton's Laws of Motion

Prawa dynamiki Newtona

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Kluczowe terminy i pojęcia

newton's third law in motion

Newton's third law explains how forces come in pairs during motion. It says that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In these examples, the two forces act on different systems, so they do not cancel each other out.

A swimmer pushing off the side of a pool shows this clearly. The swimmer pushes against the wall with their feet and then accelerates in the opposite direction. The wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force. If the swimmer is the system of interest, the wall's force on the feet is an external force that changes the swimmer's motion. The force of the feet on the wall acts on the wall, not on the swimmer, so it does not cancel the wall's force on the swimmer.

The swimmer moves opposite the direction of the push, but that is the direction they want to go. The reaction force is therefore useful in producing motion. The same pattern appears in other real situations.

A professor pacing in front of a whiteboard pushes backward on the floor. The floor pushes forward on the professor and helps the professor accelerate forward. When a person pulls down on a vertical rope, the rope pulls up on the person. Helicopters also use this law. They push air downward and experience an upward reaction force that creates lift.

Newton's Third Law in Motion

force

Understanding Force in Motion

Force is a push or pull that acts on an object. It has both magnitude and direction, so force is a vector quantity. In everyday life, force appears when we open a door, walk down a street, lift a fork, or touch a baby's face. Forces also shape matter at the smallest scales. The atoms in our bodies are held together by electrical forces. The nucleus of an atom is held together by nuclear force, which is the strongest force known to us. The study of motion is called kinematics. Kinematics...

types of forces

Contact and Field Forces in Physics

Forces in physics are often grouped as contact forces and field forces. Contact forces happen when objects touch directly. Field forces act without direct physical contact. They come from a field, which is a region of space that can be detected by the force it exerts on a body. Scientists describe four fundamental force fields in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear. The gravitational field gives a body its weight. The electromagnetic field includes static...

newton's first law: introduction

Newton's First Law and Inertia

Newton's first law of motion explains inertia and how forces change motion. Motion can be striking to observe, from a dolphin jumping from water to a bird in flight or a satellite moving in orbit. The study of motion is kinematics, which describes velocity and acceleration. Dynamics goes further by examining the forces that affect moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. They are simple in form, but they describe a wide range of natural behavior.

newton's first law: application

Newton's First Law and Friction

Newton's first law explains why friction changes an object's motion. It says that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving unless a net external force acts on it. A net external force is the overall force from outside the object that causes a change in velocity, meaning a change in speed or direction. This idea gives a cause-and-effect reason for motion, rather than just describing what we see. Galileo first developed the idea behind the first law of motion, and...

internal and external forces

External Forces and Motion Changes

External forces and motion changes are linked in Newton’s first law. A net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system from outside that object or system. Internal forces come from inside the system of interest. They act on one part of an object and are exerted by another part of the same object. These forces do not cause acceleration when the whole system is studied. When analyzing motion, the internal forces are ignored. Instead, only the external...

newton's second law

Force, Mass, and Acceleration

Newton's second law connects net force, mass, and acceleration. It explains how an object's motion changes when external forces act on it. The law gives a clear cause-and-effect link that can be used to make calculations. All external forces on a system are added together to find the net force, or F net. A larger net external force produces a larger acceleration. The acceleration points in the same direction as the net force. Mass also affects the result. A larger mass means more inertia, so...

mass and weight

Weight Changes, Mass Stays Constant

Mass and weight are related, but they are not the same. In physics, weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on how far the object is from the center of the Earth. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, and it does not change with location. Everyday language can make this difference confusing. Medical records often list body weight in kilograms, even though the correct force unit is the newton. That can make mass and weight seem interchangeable. In physics, however, they...

weightlessness

Weightlessness in Free Fall

Weightlessness happens when contact forces disappear, even though gravity is still present. In physics, an object in free fall has only gravity acting on it. If the net external force on the object is its weight, the object is accelerating toward the center of the Earth. Galileo showed that, without air resistance, all objects fall with the same acceleration g. On Earth, falling objects are never truly in free fall because air always pushes upward with some resistance force. That is why real...

apparent weight

Scale Readings in Motion and Water

Scale readings can change when an object is moving or submerged in water. The force we call true weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. When motion or fluid forces are present, the reading can differ from that true weight. In water, this changed reading is called apparent weight, and it equals true weight minus the buoyant force. A bathroom scale in an elevator shows how this works. At rest, the scale reads the force the person pushes downward on it. The only forces on the...

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newton's third law: introduction

Newton's Third Law in Force Pairs

Newton's third law explains how force pairs work in motion and interactions. When one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. A simple example is a person pushing on a wall. The wall pushes back on the person with an equal and opposite force. This is why Newton's third law is often described as action and reaction, where the action is the force exerted and the reaction is the force experienced afterward. <br...

newton's third law: examples

Newton's third law explains how forces come in pairs during motion. It says that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In these examples, the two forces act on different systems, so they do not cancel each other out. A swimmer pushing off the side of a pool shows this clearly. The swimmer pushes against the wall with their feet and then accelerates in the opposite direction. The wall pushes back with an equal and opposite force. If the swimmer is the system of interest, the wall's...

drawing free-body diagrams: rules

Free-Body Diagrams for Newton’s Laws

Free-body diagrams help students map the forces acting on an object in physics. They are used often when studying and applying Newton’s laws of motion. A clear diagram makes it easier to analyze a system before solving for motion. Start by drawing the object under consideration. If the object is treated like a particle, show it as a point and place that point at the origin of an x-y coordinate system. Then add every force that acts on the object as a vector. Do not include the net force on the...

free body diagrams: examples

Free Body Diagram Force Examples

Free body diagrams show the external forces acting on an object or system. The object is drawn as a single isolated point, or free body, so the forces are easier to analyze. Only forces that come from outside the object or system are included. These forces are shown as vectors pointing away from the free body. A person sitting on a chair is a simple example. The free-body diagram has two forces. The chair exerts an upward normal force, and gravity pulls downward with the weight. A rocket sled...

inertial frames of reference

Newton's First Law and Reference Frames

Newton's first law helps identify inertial reference frames. An inertial reference frame is one in which Newton's first law holds true. In that frame, an object with no net force moves at constant velocity. A key idea is that any frame moving at constant velocity relative to an inertial frame is also inertial. For that reason, inertial frames can be found by comparing motion from one frame to another. The laws of physics do not give one inertial frame special status over another. In nature, a...

non-inertial frames of reference

Why Motion Seems Different in Accelerating Frames

A non-inertial frame of reference is a frame that accelerates, decelerates, or rotates relative to an inertial frame. In these frames, motion can look unusual because the observer is moving with the system. That is why an airplane taking off, a car turning a corner, a merry-go-round, and a tropical cyclone can all be examples of non-inertial motion. These situations can show inertial forces, which seem to appear because the frame itself is accelerating or rotating. The force does not come from...

centrifugal force

Rotating Frames and Pseudo Forces

Pseudo forces, also called fictitious forces, appear in a rotating frame of reference when compared with an inertial frame. They are not real forces. Instead, they are mathematical tools that help make Newton&amp;#39;s laws of motion easier to use in a non-inertial frame. Common examples include centrifugal, Coriolis, and Euler forces. These forces matter in mechanics, astrophysics, and fluid dynamics. In these areas, motion is often described from a frame that is not inertial. That is why...

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key terms and concepts

Explore Newton's third law through swimmer, walking, rope, and helicopter examples. See how equal and opposite forces act on different systems.

Newton's Third Law in Motion | JoVE K12

physics

JoVE Core Physics introduces the theory and application of fundamental physics topics, including kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, statics, waves, and acoustics, with concise and easy-to-understand animated videos. Additionally, the scientist-in-action videos demonstrate the application of related concepts in classical and original research experiments performed in today's laboratories worldwide.

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Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

Physical Science

Forces And Motion

Dynamics (how forces affect motion)

Forces, Momentum And Motion

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Newton's laws applied to complex problems

Air resistance and drag

Tennessee Academic Standards

High School

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

PHYS.PS2.4

PHYS.PS2.8

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

PS.8

PS.8.b

PH.3

PH.3.a

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12.P.1.2

9-12.P.1.2.c

9-12.P.1.2.e

Florida Department of Education

SC.912.P.12

SC.912.P.12.3

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

PHYS.5

PHYS.5.G

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New York State Science Learning Standards

HS. Forces and Interactions

HS-PS2-1.

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SPS8.

SP2.

Newton’s Laws of Motion

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Kinematic Equations - II

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Velocity and Position by Integral Method

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Use models (graphs, equations, diagrams) to infer motion in one dimension.

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Position and Displacement Vectors

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Relative Velocity in One Dimension

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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

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Use models (graphs, equations, diagrams) to infer motion in two dimensions.

PS.Phy.1.2

Force

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Types of Forces

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Drawing Free-body Diagrams: Rules

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PS.Phy.2.1

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Newton's First Law: Application

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Newton's Second Law

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Apparent Weight

True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its ...

Newton's Third Law: Introduction

Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, to the force that it ...

Carry out investigations to explain the interactions of forces on an object according to Newton's Laws of Motion.

Analyze the motion of objects using time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Newton's Third Law in Motion

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