Name: interphase and cell growth
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:54.000Z
Duration: 56 s
Channel: JoVE

W komórkach eukariotycznych największą częścią cyklu komórkowego jest interfaza, która dzieli się na trzy etapy: G1, S i G2.
 W G1, pierwszej fazie przerwy, nowo wygenerowana komórka potomna rośnie i przygotowuje się do duplikacji DNA w następnej fazie.
Teraz, w S, fazie syntezy, komórki powielają swoje jądrowe DNA, które pozostaje upakowane jako chromatyna. Komórki powielają również centrosomy, strukturę organizującą mikrotubule, która tworzy aparat wrzeciona mitotycznego.
Wreszcie, w G2, drugiej fazie przerwy, komórki nadal rosną, namnażają organelle i białka, które są niezbędne do mitozy i uzupełniają swoje zapasy energii. Komórka jest teraz gotowa do wejścia w pierwszy etap mitozy.

interfaza

Interphase

Cykl komórkowy trwa około 24 godzin (w typowej komórce ludzkiej) i składa się z dwóch odrębnych etapów: interfazy, która obejmuje trzy fazy cyklu komórkowego (G1, S i G2) oraz mitozy (M). Podczas interfazy, która zajmuje około 95 procent czasu trwania cyklu komórkowego eukariotycznego, komórki rosną i replikują swoje DNA w ramach przygotowań do mitozy. <h4>Fazy interfazy</h4> Po każdym okresie mitozy i cytokinezy komórki eukariotyczne wchodzą w interfazę, podczas której rosną i replikują swoje DNA w ramach przygotowań do kolejnego podziału mitotycznego. W fazie G1 (przerwa 1) komórki rosną w sposób ciągły i przygotowują się do replikacji DNA. Podczas tej fazy komórki są aktywne metabolicznie i kopiują niezbędne organelle i cząsteczki biochemiczne, takie jak białka. W kolejnej fazie interfazy S (syntezy) komórki duplikują swoje jądrowe DNA, które pozostaje upakowane w częściowo skondensowanej chromatynie. Podczas fazy S komórki duplikują również centrosom, strukturę organizującą mikrotubule, która tworzy aparat wrzeciona mitotycznego. Wrzeciono mitotyczne oddziela chromosomy podczas mitozy. W fazie G2 (przerwa 2), która następuje po syntezie DNA, komórki kontynuują wzrost i syntezę białek i organelli, aby przygotować się do mitozy. W komórkach ludzkich faza G1 trwa około 11 godzin, faza S trwa około 8 godzin, a faza G2 trwa około 4 godzin. Podczas G1 komórki są diploidalne (2n, para każdego chromosomu). Po replikacji w fazie S komórki zwiększają zawartość DNA do 4n. Komórki pozostają 4n aż do cytokinezy, w którym to momencie zawartość ich DNA zmniejsza się do 2n.

Interfaza

Cykl komórkowy zachodzi w ciągu około 24 godzin (w typowej komórce ludzkiej) i składa się z dwóch odrębnych etapów: interfazy, która obejmuje trzy fazy ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomia i fizjologia

Unit 1

Jednostka 1

Essential Cellular Processes

Podstawowe procesy komórkowe

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Kluczowe terminy i pojęcia

interphase and cell growth

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when a cell grows and prepares to divide. It is a major stage of the cell cycle, and it comes before cell division begins.

During interphase, the cell carries out its normal functions. It also copies its DNA so each new cell can receive a full set of genetic material. The cell may also build up the materials it needs for division.

Interphase is not a single step. It includes phases such as G1, S, and G2, which help the cell grow, copy DNA, and get ready for mitosis. These steps keep the cell cycle moving in an orderly way.

Interphase and Cell Growth

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interphase

Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when a cell grows and prepares to divide. It is a major stage of the cell cycle, and it comes before cell division begins. During interphase, the cell carries out its normal functions. It also copies its DNA so each new cell can receive a full set of genetic material. The cell may also build up the materials it needs for division. Interphase is not a single step. It includes phases such as G1, S, and G2, which help the cell grow, copy DNA, and get...

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key terms and concepts

Learn how interphase supports cell growth, DNA copying, and preparation for mitosis. A clear high school explanation of this key cell cycle stage.

Interphase and Cell Growth | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

Interphase and Cell Growth

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