Name: mechanics in physics and engineering
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Arizona Science Standards

High School

Physical Science

HS.P3

HS.P3U2.7

An Introduction to Mechanics

Mechanika to gałąź nauk fizycznych, która zajmuje się badaniem stanu obiektu w spoczynku lub w ruchu pod wpływem działania sił.
t jest ogólnie klasyfikowany jako mechanika ciała sztywnego, mechanika ciała odkształcalnego i mechanika płynów.
Mechanika ciała sztywnego bada te obiekty, w których odkształcenie jest znikome pod wpływem działania sił.
Można go rozgałęzić na statykę i dynamikę. Statyka zajmuje się stanem obiektów w spoczynku, podczas gdy dynamika zajmuje się obiektami w ruchu.
Dynamika jest dalej podzielona na kinematykę i kinetykę, w których siły odpowiedzialne za ruch są odpowiednio pomijane i brane pod uwagę.
Mechanika ciała odkształcalnego bada deformację obiektu pod wpływem działania sił.
Badanie ruchu i sił płynów nazywa się mechaniką płynów. Jest dalej klasyfikowany jako płyny ściśliwe i nieściśliwe.
Projektowanie i analiza konstrukcji takich jak budynki, resory piórowe w samochodach, haki dźwigowe, gwoździarki pneumatyczne, hydrauliczne układy hamulcowe, roboty przemysłowe opierają się na zasadach mechaniki.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Mechanika inżynierska \u2012 Statyka i dynamika. Hoboken, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. str. 3 \u2012 4</li>
	<li>Piwo, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F.; Cromwell, PJ i Self, BP (2019). Mechanika wektorowa dla inżynierów \u2012 Statyka i dynamika. Nowy Jork: McGraw-Hill. str. 2 \u2012 3</li>
	<li>Meriam, J.L.; Kraige, L.G. i Bolton, J.N. (2020). Mechanika inżynierska \u2012 Statyka. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. str. 1 \u2012 2</li>
</ol>

wstęp do mechaniki

Ludzie od wieków tworzą statki, schronienia, piramidy, broń, narzędzia rolnicze i wiele innych przedmiotów, pojazdów oraz budynków bez rejestrowania procesu lub teorii z nimi związanych. Trudno byłoby udokumentować ewolucję mechaniki od jej początków aż do czasów obecnych.

Według zapisów, historia mechaniki rozpoczyna się od Arystotelesa (384-322 r. p.n.e.). Powiązał on mechanikę z teorią fizyczną, dążąc do uniwersalnego podejścia.

Newton zdefiniował mechanikę jako gałąź nauki przyrodniczej, która bada stan obiektu w spoczynku lub w ruchu pod wpływem sił. Mechanika jest podstawową dziedziną fizyki, mającą istotne zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach inżynierii i nauki. Badanie mechaniki jest istotne dla zrozumienia ruchu codziennych obiektów, zachowania maszyn i urządzeń oraz funkcjonowania różnych systemów.

Mechanika ciała sztywnego to gałąź mechaniki, która zajmuje się obiektami, w których odkształcenia są pomijalne pod wpływem sił. Mechanika ciała sztywnego może być podzielona na statykę i dynamikę. Statyka zajmuje się stanem obiektów w spoczynku, podczas gdy dynamika zajmuje się obiektami w ruchu. Dynamika jest dalej podzielona na kinematykę i kinetykę, z których pierwsza pomija siły odpowiedzialne za ruch, a druga je uwzględnia.

Natomiast mechanika ciała odkształcalnego skupia się na odkształceniu obiektu pod wpływem sił. Zrozumienie zachowania materiałów, używanych w budownictwie lub produkcji, oraz projektowanie i analiza różnych konstrukcji mają istotne znaczenie.

Mechanika płynów to nauka o ruchu i siłach działających w płynach. Jest to obszerne pole nauki, które dzieli się na płyny sprężyste i nieściśliwe, w zależności od ich zachowania. Mechanika płynów ma wiele praktycznych zastosowań i jest stosowana w projektowaniu i analizowaniu różnych systemów, takich jak hydraulika lub pneumatyka, systemy transportu płynów i urządzenia do przetwarzania chemicznego.

Konstrukcje i maszyny projektuje się w oparciu o zasady mechaniki. Na przykład, projektowanie budynków, mostów i innych konstrukcji opiera się na zasadach mechaniki w celu oceny wytrzymałości materiałów, sił grawitacji i ruchu Ziemi. Zasady mechaniki są również stosowane przy projektowaniu komponentów samochodowych, takich jak resor piórowy i hydrauliczny system hamulcowy, haki dźwigowe, roboty przemysłowe i pneumatyczne pistolety do gwoździowania.

Wstęp do mechaniki

Ludzie tworzyli statki, schronienia, piramidy, broń, sprzęt rolniczy i wiele innych przedmiotów bez rejestrowania procesu lub teorii stojącej za ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Inżynieria mechaniczna

Unit 1

Jednostka 1

An Introduction to Statics

Wstęp do statyki

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Kluczowe terminy i pojęcia

mechanics in physics and engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work.

The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at rest or in motion under the action of forces.

Rigid body mechanics deals with objects that do not deform much when forces act on them. This area is divided into statics and dynamics. Statics studies objects at rest, while dynamics studies objects in motion.

Dynamics is further divided into kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics describes motion without focusing on the forces that cause it. Kinetics includes those forces and explains how they affect motion.

Deformable body mechanics focuses on how objects change shape under force. This is important for understanding materials used in construction and manufacturing. It also helps in the design and analysis of structures.

Fluid mechanics studies the motion of fluids and the forces within them. It is often divided into compressible and incompressible fluids, based on how the fluid behaves. This field is used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, fluid transportation, and chemical processing equipment.

Principles of mechanics guide the design of many structures and machines. Buildings and bridges are analyzed for material strength, gravity, and earth movement. The same ideas also apply to automobile leaf springs, hydraulic braking systems, crane hooks, industrial robots, and pneumatic nail guns.

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

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newton's law of motion

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mechanical engineering

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Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

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