Podstawowa anatomia roślin: korzenie, łodygi i liście

Plants are often perceived as less complex than animals, but much like animals, they are made up of organs and organ systems that perform specialized functions.

The vast majority of plants have two organ systems: the shoot and root systems. Roots typically grow underground. They anchor the plant and take up water and nutrients from the environment. The two major types of root systems are taproot systems and fibrous root systems. 

In a taproot system, a primary root emerges from the seed upon germination and grows deep into the soil to anchor the plant. Much smaller lateral roots then branch off of the primary root.

In a fibrous root system, however, the primary root supports only seedling development. Later, many thin roots branch from the stem underground. These so-called adventitious roots form a shallow network in the soil that supports the mature plant.

The organs that comprise the shoot system can be classified as either reproductive or vegetative organs. The reproductive organs include flowers, fruit, and cones. There is considerable diversity in how plants reproduce and consequently in the reproductive organs that they possess. The vegetative organs, however, always include