Name: mechanics in physics and engineering
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Arizona Science Standards

High School

Physical Science

HS.P3

HS.P3U2.7

An Introduction to Mechanics

A mecânica é um ramo da ciência física que lida com o estudo do estado de um objeto em repouso ou em movimento sob a ação de forças.
t é geralmente classificado como mecânica de corpos rígidos, mecânica de corpos deformáveis e mecânica dos fluidos.
A mecânica dos corpos rígidos estuda os objetos nos quais a deformação é insignificante sob a ação de forças.
Pode ser ramificado em estática e dinâmica. A estática lida com o estado dos objetos em repouso, enquanto a dinâmica lida com os objetos em movimento.
A dinâmica é dividida em cinemática e cinética, onde as forças responsáveis pelo movimento são negligenciadas e consideradas, respectivamente.
A mecânica do corpo deformável estuda a deformação de um objeto sob a ação de forças.
O estudo do movimento e das forças dos fluidos é denominado mecânica dos fluidos. É ainda classificado em fluidos compressíveis e incompressíveis.
O projeto e a análise de estruturas como edifícios, molas de lâmina em automóveis, ganchos de guindaste, pistolas de pregos pneumáticas, sistemas de frenagem hidráulica e robôs industriais são baseados nos princípios da mecânica.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Engenharia Mecânica \u2012 Estática e Dinâmica. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp 3 \u2012 4</li>
	<li>Cerveja, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F; Cromwell, PJ e Self, BP (2019). Mecânica vetorial para engenheiros \u2012 estática e dinâmica. Nova Iorque: McGraw-Hill. pp 2 \u2012 3</li>
	<li>Oliveira, J.L.; Kraige, L.G. e Bolton, J.N. (2020). Engenharia Mecânica \u2012 Estática. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: John Wiley. pp 1 \u2012 2</li>
</ol>

uma introdução à mecânica

Os seres humanos têm construído navios, abrigos, pirâmides, armas, equipamentos agrícolas e muitos outros objetos há séculos, sem registrar o processo ou a teoria por trás deles. Seria desafiador documentar a evolução da mecânica desde sua origem até o presente.

De acordo com registros, a história da mecânica começa com Aristóteles (384–322 a.C.). Ele relacionou a mecânica à teoria física, visando a uma síntese universal.

Newton definiu a mecânica como o ramo da ciência física que estuda o estado de um objeto em repouso ou em movimento sob a ação de forças. A mecânica é uma área fundamental da física com aplicações significativas em vários ramos da engenharia e ciência. O estudo da mecânica é essencial para entender o movimento de objetos cotidianos, o comportamento de máquinas e dispositivos e o funcionamento de diferentes sistemas.

A mecânica de corpos rígidos é um ramo da mecânica que lida com objetos nos quais a deformação é negligenciável sob a ação de forças. A mecânica de corpos rígidos pode ser dividida nos ramos de estática e dinâmica. A estática lida com o estado de objetos em repouso, enquanto a dinâmica lida com objetos em movimento. A dinâmica é ainda dividida em cinemática e cinética, sendo que a primeira negligência as forças responsáveis pelo movimento e a segunda as considera.

A mecânica de corpos deformáveis, por outro lado, se concentra na deformação de um objeto sob a ação de forças. Compreender o comportamento de materiais, como os usados na construção ou manufatura, e o projeto e análise de diferentes estruturas é crucial.

A mecânica dos fluidos é o estudo do movimento e das forças dos fluidos. É um campo vasto, sendo classificado em fluidos compressíveis e incompressíveis, dependendo de seu comportamento. A mecânica dos fluidos tem muitas aplicações práticas e usada no projeto e análise de vários sistemas, como sistemas hidráulicos ou pneumáticos, sistemas de transporte de fluidos e equipamentos de processamento químico.

Muitas estruturas e máquinas são projetadas e analisadas com base nos princípios da mecânica. Por exemplo, o projeto de prédios, pontes e outras estruturas depende de princípios da mecânica para avaliar a resistência dos materiais, as forças da gravidade e o movimento da terra. Os princípios da mecânica também são usados no projeto de componentes automotivos, como feixes de molas e sistemas de frenagem hidráulica, ganchos de guindaste, robôs industriais e pistolas de pregos pneumáticas.

Uma introdução à mecânica

Os humanos têm feito navios, abrigos, pirâmides, armas, equipamentos agrícolas e muitos outros itens sem registrar o processo ou a teoria por trás ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Engenharia Mecânica

Unit 1

Unidade 1

An Introduction to Statics

Uma Introdução à Estática

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

mechanics in physics and engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work.

The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at rest or in motion under the action of forces.

Rigid body mechanics deals with objects that do not deform much when forces act on them. This area is divided into statics and dynamics. Statics studies objects at rest, while dynamics studies objects in motion.

Dynamics is further divided into kinematics and kinetics. Kinematics describes motion without focusing on the forces that cause it. Kinetics includes those forces and explains how they affect motion.

Deformable body mechanics focuses on how objects change shape under force. This is important for understanding materials used in construction and manufacturing. It also helps in the design and analysis of structures.

Fluid mechanics studies the motion of fluids and the forces within them. It is often divided into compressible and incompressible fluids, based on how the fluid behaves. This field is used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems, fluid transportation, and chemical processing equipment.

Principles of mechanics guide the design of many structures and machines. Buildings and bridges are analyzed for material strength, gravity, and earth movement. The same ideas also apply to automobile leaf springs, hydraulic braking systems, crane hooks, industrial robots, and pneumatic nail guns.

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

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Gravity Between Masses and Distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

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numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

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accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

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Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

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problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Learn how mechanics explains motion, forces, statics, dynamics, fluids, and material behavior, with real-world examples in structures and machines.

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering | JoVE K12

O JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering oferece vídeos animados concisos e de fácil compreensão que abrangem tópicos-chave como equilíbrio, forças, análise de treliças e mecânica estrutural. Explore suas aplicações no mundo real e observe esses conceitos em ação por meio de experimentos conduzidos por cientistas.

mechanical engineering

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Newton's Second Law

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HS.P3U1.6

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Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

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