Name: fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics
Uploaded: 2023-09-22T11:49:18.000Z
Duration: 1 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Physics

PHYS.1

IPC.1.G

Basic Concept

Os conceitos básicos da mecânica da engenharia são comprimento, tempo, massa e força.
Considere um objeto se movendo do ponto A para o B. A distância percorrida é descrita pelo comprimento usando coordenadas relativas a um ponto de referência.
O comprimento também descreve as propriedades geométricas dos sistemas físicos, enquanto o tempo mede a sucessão de um evento como o tempo de viagem entre os pontos A e B.
A massa é uma medida da quantidade de matéria em um objeto que não muda com a localização, enquanto a força é considerada como a ação de um corpo sobre outro, como empurrar ou puxar, ou atração gravitacional.
Para análise teórica, a engenharia mecânica usa algumas suposições. Em primeiro lugar, um objeto é considerado como uma partícula com massa, cujo tamanho pode ser negligenciado.
Em segundo lugar, independentemente de seu material e carga aplicada, a partícula é considerada um corpo rígido onde a deformação é negligenciada.
Finalmente, a carga aplicada é representada como uma força concentrada atuando em um ponto sobre um objeto.

<ol>
	<li>Hibbeler, R.C. (2016). Engenharia Mecânica \u2012 Estática e Dinâmica. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Pp 4 \u2012 5.</li>
	<li>Cerveja, F.P.; Johnston, E.R.; Mazurek, D.F; Cromwell, PJ e Self, BP (2019). Mecânica vetorial para engenheiros \u2012 estática e dinâmica. Nova Iorque: McGraw-Hill. Pág. - 3.</li>
	<li>Oliveira, J.L.; Kraige, L.G., e Bolton, J.N. (2020). Engenharia Mecânica \u2012 Estática. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: John Wiley. pp - 2.</li>
</ol>

conceito básico

A engenharia mecânica é um ramo da engenharia que estuda o movimento e as forças atuantes nos objetos. É um assunto fundamental e forma a base de muitas outras disciplinas da engenharia. Comprimento, tempo, massa e força são alguns conceitos básicos na engenharia mecânica.

Comprimento, que mede a distância percorrida por um objeto, é um conceito fundamental na engenharia mecânica. Usamos coordenadas relativas a um ponto de referência para descrever a distância. O comprimento não ajuda somente a descrever a distância percorrida por um objeto, mas também é usado para descrever as propriedades geométricas de sistemas físicos.

Por exemplo, considere um ônibus viajando da cidade X para a cidade Y. A localização do ônibus em qualquer momento pode ser rastreada com a ajuda de um sistema de coordenadas.

Nesse caso, o comprimento é insuficiente para descrever o evento, e, como consequência, o tempo é usado para medir a sucessão de um evento, como o tempo de viagem entre a cidade X e a cidade Y. O tempo, que mede a sucessão de um evento, é outro conceito fundamental na engenharia mecânica.

A massa é uma medida da quantidade de matéria em um objeto e não muda com a localização. A massa pode ser medida determinando o quanto um objeto resiste a uma mudança em sua direção ou velocidade quando uma força é aplicada.

A força é outro conceito importante na engenharia mecânica, definido como a ação de um corpo sobre outro. As forças podem empurrar, puxar, atrair ou repelir um objeto em relação ao outro. A gravidade é um exemplo clássico de uma força que atrai objetos um em direção ao outro.

Empurrar um objeto é um exemplo de uso de força de contato, enquanto um pedaço de ferro atraído por um ímã é um exemplo de uso de força de campo.

A engenharia mecânica se baseia em certas suposições para permitir a análise teórica. Em primeiro lugar, um objeto muitas vezes é tratado como uma partícula com massa, cujo tamanho pode ser negligenciado. Essa simplificação nos permite descrever o movimento do objeto usando equações matemáticas mais simples. Em segundo lugar, independentemente de seu material e da carga aplicada, a partícula é considerada um corpo rígido e a deformação é negligenciada. Por fim, a carga aplicada é representada como uma força concentrada atuando em um ponto de um objeto. Por exemplo, é considerada uma partícula ao analisar a capacidade de carga de um gancho de guindaste, independentemente de seu tamanho e formato. O gancho é um corpo não deformável e uma força atua somente em um ponto específico do gancho.

Conceito básico

A mecânica da engenharia é um ramo da engenharia que estuda o movimento e as forças que atuam sobre os objetos. É um assunto fundamental e forma a base de ...

Education

JoVE Core

Mechanical Engineering

Engenharia Mecânica

Unit 1

Unidade 1

An Introduction to Statics

Uma Introdução à Estática

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

fundamental quantities in engineering mechanics

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields.

Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems.

Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a simple example. The bus location can be tracked with a coordinate system, but time is needed to measure the travel period.

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It does not change with location. Mass can be related to how much an object resists a change in direction or speed when a force acts on it.

Force is the action of one body on another. It can push, pull, attract, or repel. Gravity is an example of an attractive force. Pushing a surface is a contact force, while an iron piece pulled by a magnet shows a non-contact force.

Engineering mechanics also uses simplifying assumptions to make analysis possible. An object may be treated as a particle with mass, so its size is ignored. It may also be treated as a rigid body, which means deformation is neglected. The load is then shown as a concentrated force acting at a single point, such as when studying the load-carrying capacity of a crane hook.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

fundamental-quantities-in-engineering-mechanics

an introduction to mechanics

Mechanics in Physics and Engineering

Mechanics is a key branch of physics that explains how objects stay at rest or move when forces act on them. It also has major uses in engineering and science. The topic helps students understand everyday motion, machine behavior, and the way many systems work. The recorded history of mechanics begins with Aristotle, who lived from 384 to 322 BC. He linked mechanics with physical theory and looked for a broad universal explanation. Later, Newton defined mechanics as the study of objects at...

basic concept

Engineering mechanics begins with four basic quantities: length, time, mass, and force. These ideas help describe how objects move and how they respond to loads. They also support many other engineering fields. Length measures the distance traveled by an object. Engineers describe this distance with coordinates relative to a reference point. Length is also useful for showing the geometry of physical systems. Time measures the succession of an event. A bus traveling from city X to city Y is a...

newton's law of motion

Newton's Laws and Everyday Motion

Newton's laws explain everyday motion and the forces that change it. These three laws describe why objects move, stay still, or speed up. They also show how force and mass affect motion. Newton's first law is the law of inertia. It says an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion keeps moving at a constant speed and direction unless an external force acts on it. A sliding box that slows down on its own is a good example. In that case, friction is the net external force that works...

newton's law of gravitational attraction

Gravity Between Masses and Distance

Newton’s law of gravitational attraction describes how gravity acts between two objects. Sir Isaac Newton built this law from empirical evidence and inductive reasoning. He published it in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, or the Principia, on July 5, 1687. The law says that the gravitational force between any two objects depends on their masses and their distance apart. The force is proportional to mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects.

units of measurement

SI and Customary Measurement Systems

Mechanical engineering depends on units of measurement for precise and accurate calculations. These units give engineers a standard way to express and compare physical quantities. They are essential when designing and analyzing machines and mechanical systems. Many historical measurement systems have been used over time. Examples include the Babylonian system, the Roman system, the Egyptian system, the Olympian system, the British system, and the Indus Valley system. Today, the International...

international system of units

SI Units and Metric Prefixes

SI units and metric prefixes provide a standard way to measure size, mass, and time. The International System of Units, or SI system, is used worldwide because it gives scientists a common language for measurement. Its values do not change with location, which helps keep results consistent. The SI system is built on three base units: meter, kilogram, and second. These are the core units for length, mass, and time. The kilogram is the only base unit that already includes a prefix. Prefixes...

numerical calculations

Engineering Notation and Significant Figures

Numerical calculations in engineering depend on clear values, correct units, and careful rounding. Presenting the answer is an important part of engineering practice, so numerically accurate results are preferred. Handheld calculators and computers are often used because they help produce accurate answers. Problems can be solved in several ways. Solving algebraic symbols by hand is common, and the graphical method is often preferred in some cases. Computers are especially useful when many...

accuracy, limits, and approximation

Accuracy and Approximation in Calculations

Accuracy and approximation are important in calculations, especially in engineering. Accuracy means how close a measured value is to the true or actual value. Repeated measurements are often used in engineering mechanics to help make results more precise and accurate. The accuracy of a solution depends on empirical data and the results from different calculations or measurements. A cylindrical container filled with liquid is a simple example. Its volume can be found from the measured...

dimensional analysis

Using Dimensions to Check Physics Equations

Dimensional analysis is a useful way to check physics and engineering equations. It works by writing physical quantities in terms of basic dimensions such as mass, length, and time. Quantities like velocity, acceleration, and force are derived from these basic dimensions. This method helps compare measurements even when the units are different. It also checks whether an equation is dimensionally homogeneous. That means the powers of the fundamental dimensions must match on both sides of the...

problem solving in statics

Statics Problem-Solving Steps for Beams

Statics problem-solving uses a step-by-step method to analyze bodies in equilibrium, especially beams. It is an important part of physics and engineering because the goal is to find practical and accurate answers for real situations. The process usually starts with a physical situation and then turns it into a mathematical model. That model often needs approximations and assumptions. Very small distances can be ignored when they are much smaller than the main dimensions, such as beam width...

key terms and concepts

Explore length, time, mass, and force in engineering mechanics, plus key simplifying assumptions like particles, rigid bodies, and concentrated loads.

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics | JoVE K12

O JoVE Core Mechanical Engineering oferece vídeos animados concisos e de fácil compreensão que abrangem tópicos-chave como equilíbrio, forças, análise de treliças e mecânica estrutural. Explore suas aplicações no mundo real e observe esses conceitos em ação por meio de experimentos conduzidos por cientistas.

mechanical engineering

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

Observational Research

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco&#8212;Monmouth University

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Solving Problems in Physics

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Naturalistic Observations

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Models, Theories, and Laws

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The Scientific Method

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Observational Learning

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Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology

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Case Studies

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Ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations

PHYS.1.A

Study Design in Statistics

A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research ...

Experimental Designs

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Realism in Experimentation

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco&#8212;Monmouth University

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Data Collection by Experiments

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Scientific Method

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The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

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Observational Studies

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Study Designs in Epidemiology

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In an ideal study design, the same woman would be observed in two ...

What is an Experiment?

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Categories and Inductive Inferences

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It might be possible for the human brain to keep track of each ...

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From Theory to Design: The Role of Creativity in Designing Experiments

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco&#8212;Monmouth University

Research studies come into being when a ...

Apply scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations, and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems

PHYS.1.B

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Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

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Electrical Safety Precautions and Basic Equipment

Source: Ali Bazzi, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
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Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards

PHYS.1.C

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

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Scientific Measurement and Lab Skills

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	Error can be introduced in any experiment, even ...

Cleaning Glassware

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Organic synthesis is about transforming a readily ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

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Sample Preparation for Analytical Characterization

Source: Laboratory of Dr. B. Jill Venton - University of Virginia
Sample preparation is the way in which&#160;a sample is treated to prepare&#160;for ...

Making Solutions in the Laboratory

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Use appropriate tools such as balances, ballistic carts or equivalent, batteries, computers, constant velocity cars, convex lenses, copper wire, discharge tubes with power supply (H, He, Ne, Ar), data acquisition probes and software, dynamics and force demonstration equipment, electrostatic generators, electrostatic kits, friction blocks, graph paper, graphing technology, hand-held visual spectroscopes, inclined planes, iron filings, lab masses, laser pointers, magnets, magnetic compasses, metric rulers, motion detectors, multimeters (current, voltage, resistance), optics bench, optics kit, photogates, plane mirrors, prisms, protractors, pulleys, resistors, rope or string, scientific calculators, stopwatches, springs, spring scales, switches, tuning forks, wave generators, or other equipment and materials that will produce the same results.

PHYS.1.D

Units and Standards of Measurement

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International System of Units

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Base Quantities and Derived Quantities

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How Data are Classified: Numerical Data

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Quantitative Analysis

Quantitative analysis is a technique for measuring the amount of specific constituents in a sample. When the sample&#39;s composition is unknown, ...

Qualitative Analysis

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Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence

PHYS.1.E

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

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Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

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Multiple Bar Graph

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Pareto Chart

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Pie Chart

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Life Tables

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It comprises multiple columns, each serving a practical purpose, ...

Contingency Table

A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution ...

Organize quantitative and qualitative data using bar charts, line graphs, scatter plots, data tables, labeled diagrams, and conceptual mathematical relationships

PHYS.1.F

Engineering mechanics is a branch of engineering that studies motion and the forces acting on objects. It is a fundamental subject and forms the basis of ...

Problem Solving in Statics

Problem-solving in statics is a crucial aspect of engineering and physics that involves resolving issues associated with bodies in a state of equilibrium. ...

Free-body Diagrams: Problem Solving

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Equilibrium and Free-body Diagrams

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Mechanical Systems

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One-Degree-of-Freedom System

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Stability of Equilibrium Configuration: Problem Solving

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Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems

What is a Hypothesis?

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Distinguish among scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.

PHYS.1.H

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to answer questions, explain phenomena, or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Fundamental Quantities in Engineering Mechanics

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