Name: how structural steel shapes are made
Uploaded: 2024-09-12T16:16:25.000Z
Duration: 1 min 24 s
Channel: JoVE

Os produtos de aço estrutural são fabricados em um moinho estrutural, onde a viga bruta é reaquecida e refinada por meio de rolos na forma e tamanho necessários.
O ajuste dos espaçamentos dos rolos no moinho estrutural produz famílias de seções estruturais com formas relacionadas.
A forma final é um comprimento contínuo dos últimos rolos, segmentado por uma serra a quente. Os segmentos são resfriados e endireitados para garantir a uniformidade.
Seções mais pesadas são produzidas soldando flanges e chapas de alma, em vez de laminação.
As formas estruturais são identificadas pela nomenclatura padrão com uma letra para a forma e números para tamanho, espessura ou peso.
Exemplos incluem formas de viga, coluna, canal e T, identificadas por forma, profundidade nominal e peso.
Ângulos, seções ocas, barras e placas são designados por forma, tamanho e espessura.
O aço estrutural pode ser trabalhado a frio por laminação, dobra ou alongamento à temperatura ambiente, modificando a forma dos membros.
Chapas de aço finas formam seções em C leves, enquanto chapas mais grossas são formadas a frio em várias formas ocas, que são então soldadas ao longo de suas costuras longitudinais.

produtos de aço estrutural

Structural Steel Products

Produtos de aço estrutural são criados dentro de uma usina estrutural. O processo começa com uma viga em bruto que é reaquecida e então alimentada por uma série de rolos. Esses rolos moldam progressivamente o metal em sua forma final. Ajustar os espaçamentos entre os rolos permite a produção de diferentes seções com as mesmas dimensões nominais.

Uma vez moldado, a forma final do aço emerge como um comprimento contínuo, que é então segmentado por uma serra quente em peças gerenciáveis. Esses segmentos são posteriormente resfriados e passados ​​por outro conjunto de rolos que endireitam o aço, retificando quaisquer desvios ou falhas que possam ter sido introduzidos durante o processo de moldagem.

Para seções estruturais mais pesadas, um método alternativo envolve soldar flanges e chapas de alma juntas em vez de depender somente da laminação. Esse método permite a produção de seções maiores e mais robustas necessárias para demandas substanciais de construção.

As formas de aço estrutural são padronizadas e identificadas por nomenclatura específica que inclui uma letra representando a forma seguida por detalhes de tamanho, espessura ou peso. Formas estruturais comuns incluem vigas, colunas, canais e formas T, cada uma caracterizada por dimensões específicas, como profundidade nominal e peso. Além disso, outras formas como ângulos, seções ocas, barras e placas são designadas por sua forma, tamanho e espessura.

O aço estrutural também pode ser modificado na pós-produção por meio de métodos de trabalho a frio, como laminação, dobra ou alongamento em temperatura ambiente para alterar a forma dos membros. Chapas finas de aço são frequentemente usadas para criar seções C leves, enquanto chapas mais grossas podem ser formadas a frio em várias formas ocas, como formas quadradas, retangulares, redondas ou elípticas, que são então soldadas ao longo de suas costuras longitudinais para produzir seções ocas robustas.

Produtos de aço estrutural

Os produtos de aço estrutural são fabricados em um moinho estrutural, onde a viga bruta é reaquecida e refinada através de rolos na forma e ...

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Civil Engineering

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Masonry Materials

Materiais de Alvenaria

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMOS-CHAVE E CONCEITOS

how structural steel shapes are made

Structural steel shapes are made in a structural mill. The process starts with a beam blank. The steel is reheated and then sent through a series of rollers that gradually form it into its final shape.

The spacing between the rollers can be changed to make different sections with the same nominal dimensions. After shaping, the steel leaves the mill as a continuous length. A hot saw then cuts it into manageable pieces.

The cut pieces are cooled and passed through another set of rollers. These rollers straighten the steel and correct deviations or flaws that may have been introduced during shaping. For heavier structural sections, manufacturers may weld flange and web plates together instead of using rolling alone.

Structural steel shapes use standard names and codes. A letter identifies the shape, and the size, thickness, or weight comes next. Common examples include beams, columns, channels, and T shapes, along with angles, hollow sections, bars, and plates.

Steel members can also be changed after production by cold-working at room temperature. Cold-working includes rolling, bending, and stretching. Thin steel sheets can be formed into lightweight C-sections, while thicker sheets can be cold-formed into square, rectangular, round, or elliptical hollow shapes and then welded along their length.

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made

masonry

Masonry Materials and Structural Uses

Masonry uses stone and man-made units such as bricks, clay tiles, terra cotta, and concrete blocks to build structures. These units can form walls, floors, and arches. Masonry is valued for strength, durability, and a wide range of visual finishes. The units are laid in rows called coursing. Mortar, a mix of water, cement, and sand, binds the units together. Building with masonry is hands-on and can be done with basic tools. A trowel applies mortar, a hammer helps adjust placement, and levels...

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bricks

How Bricks Are Made and Fired

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brick sizes

Brick Sizes and Modular Masonry

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brick classifications

Types of Bricks in Construction

Bricks used in construction are grouped by where they are used and by their structure. The main types include facing bricks, building bricks, hollow bricks, paving bricks, and firebricks. These categories show how one material can serve different jobs in a structure. Facing bricks, also called face bricks, are used where both strength and appearance matter. They form the visible surface of a wall, so their look is important. Building bricks are usually placed in hidden parts of a structure,...

brick durability, strength, and appearance

How Brick Quality Affects Masonry Performance

Brick quality affects how masonry holds up, looks, and performs over time. Durability, strength, and appearance are all used to judge which bricks fit a specific job. These features help builders choose bricks for walls, facades, and other construction uses. Durability is closely tied to freeze-thaw action. In freeze-thaw, water absorbed by a brick expands when it freezes. That expansion can damage the brick, especially if the water melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability as SW,...

brick masonry

Brick Wall Bonds and Wythes

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brick cutting techniques

Brick Cuts for Fitting Wall Spaces

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mortar joints in brick masonry

Mortar Joint Profiles and Brick Finishing

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spanning openings in brick walls

Brick Wall Supports for Doors and Windows

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reinforced brick masonry

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types of building stone

Building Stone Uses and Rock Types

Building stone is a natural construction material cut from rock deposits and shaped into the sizes needed for building work. It is grouped into three main rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each group has different properties that make it useful for specific parts of a structure. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Granite is a common example. It is durable and resists weathering, so it works well in parts of buildings that face severe weather. <br...

quarrying of stone

Stone Extraction and Block Shaping

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stone masonry

Stone Masonry Types and Jointing

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manufacture of concrete masonry units

Concrete Block Curing and Block Types

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laying concrete masonry

Building a Concrete Block Wall

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structural steel products

Structural steel shapes are made in a structural mill. The process starts with a beam blank. The steel is reheated and then sent through a series of rollers that gradually form it into its final shape. The spacing between the rollers can be changed to make different sections with the same nominal dimensions. After shaping, the steel leaves the mill as a continuous length. A hot saw then cuts it into manageable pieces. The cut pieces are cooled and passed through another set of rollers. These...

steel fastening techniques

How Steel Sections Are Joined

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mechanical characteristics of steel

Testing Steel for Strength and Toughness

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key terms and concepts

Learn how structural steel shapes are made in a mill, cut, straightened, welded, and cold-formed into beams, columns, channels, and hollow sections.

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Civil Engineering provides a foundational exploration of essential construction materials in civil engineering, focusing on bricks, stones, steel, wood, and concrete through easy-to-understand animated videos. This collection covers the properties, manufacturing processes, and practical applications of these materials. Additionally, the accompanied science-in-action videos demonstrate the research experiments performed in laboratories.

civil engineering

How Structural Steel Shapes Are Made

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