At the end of this lab, students should know...
A cinética química descreve os mecanismos das reações químicas e as taxas associadas a elas.
A taxa de reação é afetada pela concentração dos reagentes, a temperatura da reação, a pressão na qual a reação está ocorrendo e o estado da matéria dos reagentes.
Fonte: Smaa Koraym na Universidade Johns Hopkins, MD, EUA
Aqui, mostramos a preparação de soluções para 10 alunos trabalhando em duplas, com algum excesso. Por favor, ajuste as quantidades conforme necessário.
| 1 Prato de agitação com suporte |
| 1 braçadeira média de 3 pinos (ou braçadeira de tubo de ensaio) |
| 1 braçadeira do termômetro |
| 1 tubo de ensaio rotulado |
| 1 barra de agitação magnética pequena |
| 1 copo de 50 mL |
| 1 copo de 100 mL |
| 1 copo de 600 mL |
| 2 óculos de relógio de 50 mm |
| 1 cilindro graduado de 10 mL |
| 1 balão volumétrico de 20 mL |
| 1 pipeta volumétrica de 10 mL |
| 1 pipeta volumétrica de 5 mL |
| 1 Dispensador de pipetas volumétricas |
| 1 escova de tubo de ensaio |
| 1 termômetro de vidro |
| 1 Temporizador ou cronômetro |
| 1 par de pinças longas |
| 1 rolo de fita adesiva com caneta |
| 1 Pacote de papel de pH |
| 1 Tesoura |
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Lab Manual videos
Q1: How do you prepare a 0.2 M sodium thiosulfate solution in the lab?
Weigh 37.227 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and transfer it into a 1-L volumetric flask using a powder funnel. Add 600 mL of deionized water, stir until homogeneous, then add 150 mL more water and continue stirring. Once fully dissolved and mixed, transfer the solution to a labeled 750-mL bottle for storage.
Q2: What is the correct procedure for diluting concentrated HCl to 6 M?
Measure 174 mL of 12.1 M HCl using a graduated cylinder and pour it into a 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Slowly add 176 mL of deionized water to the acid, never the reverse. Stir with a magnetic stir bar until homogeneous, then transfer to a labeled 500-mL bottle for storage in the instructor's hood.
Q3: Why must sodium thiosulfate and HCl solutions be prepared in a fume hood?
HCl is toxic and highly corrosive, while sodium thiosulfate is an irritant. Preparing these solutions in a fume hood protects students from harmful vapors and chemical exposure. Additionally, sulfur dioxide gas evolves from product mixtures during the experiment, requiring continued fume hood use and overnight ventilation.
Q4: What equipment should be set up at each fume hood for student pairs?
Each station requires a stir plate with support stand, test tube with X label, magnetic stir bar, beakers (50 mL, 100 mL, 600 mL), graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks and pipettes, watch glasses, thermometer, timer, clamps, forceps, and lab tape. This setup enables students to safely conduct concentration-dependent experiments with proper measurement and mixing capabilities.
Q5: How should waste materials be handled after the concentration dependence experiment?
Neutralize acid waste according to lab protocols and collect sodium thiosulfate waste in a designated container. Leave neutralized waste in the fume hood overnight to allow sulfur dioxide gas to evolve. After at least 12 hours, flush the liquid down the drain and dispose of solid sulfur and baking soda in the lab trash.
Q6: What safety precautions should be taken before preparing solutions?
Put on a lab coat, splash-proof safety glasses, and nitrile gloves before beginning. Obtain a waste container for aqueous sodium thiosulfate in advance and fill a 250-mL wash bottle with deionized water near the waste container. These precautions protect against chemical splashes and provide immediate access to water for emergencies.