6.4
Sangramento em concreto fresco
O sangramento em concreto fresco ocorre quando a água da mistura sobe para a superfície. Isso acontece porque os componentes sólidos da mistura não co…
Se a água da mistura de concreto subir para o topo do concreto recém-colocado, ela está sangrando. A causa é que os sólidos da mistura não conseguem reter toda a água à medida que se assentam.
A extensão do sangramento é quantificável medindo o assentamento total ou a diminuição da altura por unidade de altura do concreto.
Às vezes, a água ascendente fica presa sob grandes partículas agregadas ou reforço, criando vazios.
Se esses vazios se alinharem, eles podem tornar o concreto mais permeável horizontalmente.
Se a subida da água transporta uma grande quantidade de partículas finas de cimento, forma-se uma camada fraca e porosa conhecida como laitância na superfície da laje, deixando uma textura empoeirada que pode levar a um plano frágil que compromete a adesão com as camadas de betão subsequentes.
Remover a laitância escovando e enxaguando é crucial porque forma bolhas se reter bolhas de ar ou água sangrando.
O sangramento diminui com cimento mais fino, maior teor de álcali ou aluminato tricálcico ou adição de cloreto de cálcio, apesar das possíveis desvantagens.
Além disso, a entrada de ar reduz efetivamente o sangramento, permitindo assim um processo de acabamento mais rápido imediatamente após o concreto ser fundido.
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Q1: What causes bleeding in fresh concrete?
Bleeding occurs when water from the concrete mix rises to the surface because the mix's solid components fail to retain all water as they settle. This separation causes water to collect at the top of the newly laid concrete. The extent of bleeding can be measured by assessing total settlement or the decrease in height per unit height of concrete.
Q2: How does bleeding affect concrete permeability and surface quality?
Rising water can become trapped beneath large aggregate particles or reinforcement, creating voids that increase horizontal permeability if they align. Additionally, when ascending water carries fine cement particles to the surface, it forms laitance—a weak, porous layer with a dusty texture. This layer creates a fragile plane that compromises adhesion with subsequent concrete layers and can form blisters if it traps air bubbles.
Q3: What is laitance and why must it be removed from concrete?
Laitance is a weak, porous layer that forms on the concrete surface when rising water transports fine cement particles upward. Removing laitance by brushing and rinsing is crucial because it creates a fragile plane that weakens adhesion between concrete layers and can trap air bubbles or bleeding water, forming blisters that compromise structural integrity.
Q4: How can finer cement and chemical additives reduce bleeding?
Bleeding decreases with finer cement, which improves water retention in the mix. Adding substances with higher alkali or tricalcium aluminate content also reduces bleeding. Calcium chloride is another effective additive, despite potential drawbacks. These modifications help stabilize the mix and minimize water separation at the surface.
Q5: What role does air entrainment play in controlling bleeding?
Air entrainment effectively reduces bleeding in concrete by improving the mix's ability to retain water and stabilize the structure. By incorporating air bubbles into the concrete, this technique enables a quicker and more efficient finishing process immediately after casting, while simultaneously minimizing water separation and surface defects.
Q6: How is bleeding severity measured in fresh concrete?
The severity of bleeding is quantifiable by measuring the total settlement or by calculating the decrease in height per unit height of concrete. These measurements provide a numerical assessment of how much water has risen to the surface, helping engineers evaluate the quality of the concrete mix and determine if mitigation strategies are needed.
Q7: How does bleeding relate to factors affecting workability?
Bleeding is influenced by factors affecting workability, including cement fineness, water content, and mix composition. Understanding these factors affecting workability helps engineers design concrete mixes that minimize bleeding while maintaining adequate workability for proper placement and consolidation during construction operations.