8.9
Acabamento do concreto
O acabamento do concreto começa imediatamente após o concreto ter sido colocado e consolidado. A etapa inicial, a nivelação, envolve o nivelamento da…
Após a consolidação do concreto colocado, o excesso de material é removido da superfície e nivelado com o topo da fôrma por meio de uma mesa.
Posteriormente, usando um flutuador de touro ou darby, os pontos altos na superfície do concreto são abaixados, os pontos baixos são preenchidos e grandes agregados são embutidos no concreto antes que a água de sangria suba à superfície.
Uma vez que o brilho da água de sangria na superfície desaparece após a evaporação, ela está pronta para o acabamento final. Isso começa com a borda, que envolve arredondar as bordas do concreto.
Segue-se a junção, onde as juntas de controle, isolamento e construção estão estrategicamente localizadas na estrutura.
Em seguida, um flutuador portátil ou flutuador de energia é usado para remover quaisquer imperfeições da superfície resultantes de bordas e juntas, incorporar os agregados levemente dentro do concreto e remover o excesso de água, mantendo a superfície aberta.
Por fim, a superfície acabada pode ser texturizada com espátula para criar uma superfície dura e lisa, vassoura para torná-la áspera e antiderrapante, lavando o excesso de pasta de cimento na parte superior para criar uma aparência exposta ou padronizada inserindo tiras divisórias.
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Q1: What is the purpose of screeding in concrete finishing?
Screeding removes excess concrete material from the surface and flushes it level with the formwork's top. This initial leveling step prepares the surface for subsequent finishing operations and ensures a uniform base before bleed water appears, which can cause scaling and dusting if not managed properly.
Q2: How do bull floats and darbies improve the concrete surface?
Bull floats and darbies smooth the concrete surface by lowering high spots, filling low areas, and embedding large aggregates within the concrete. These tools work before bleed water rises, ensuring a properly prepared surface ready for final finishing techniques and preventing surface defects.
Q3: Why is bleed water important to monitor during concrete finishing?
Bleed water must evaporate completely before final finishing begins, as its presence can lead to scaling and dusting on the concrete surface. Once the sheen from bleed water disappears, the concrete is ready for edging, jointing, and floating operations that create the finished appearance.
Q4: What role do control and isolation joints play in concrete finishing?
Control, isolation, and construction joints are strategically located during jointing to manage the concrete's natural movements and prevent unsightly cracking. These joints accommodate expansion and contraction, protecting the structural integrity and appearance of the finished concrete surface.
Q5: How does floating remove imperfections from the concrete surface?
Handheld or power floats smooth surface imperfections left by edging and jointing, slightly embed aggregates below the surface, and compact the mortar. This process removes excess water while keeping the surface open, preparing it for final texture application and ensuring a durable finish.
Q6: What are the different texture options for finishing concrete surfaces?
Concrete surfaces can be textured through troweling to create a hard and smooth finish, brooming to make it rough and slip-resistant, or washing to expose aggregate for a decorative look. Patterned finishes can also be created by inserting divider strips, allowing customization of the final appearance.
Q7: When should final finishing begin after placing concrete?
Final finishing begins after the concrete has been consolidated, screeded, and the bleed water sheen has evaporated from the surface. This timing ensures the concrete is properly prepared and stable enough for edging, jointing, floating, and texturing without compromising the finished quality or durability.