2.15
Processos de Autoapresentação
A autoapresentação eficaz é um componente essencial da interação social e da construção da identidade. Baseia-se em dois processos dinâmicos e interli…
A auto-apresentação eficaz requer dois elementos-chave: definir a situação e auto-revelação.
Em primeiro lugar, definir a situação envolve a compreensão do contexto por meio de quadros compartilhados e identidades situadas.
Os quadros referem-se às regras sociais compartilhadas que ajudam as pessoas a reconhecer o tipo de evento em que estão participando e orientar o comportamento apropriado. Por exemplo, os casamentos envolvem parceiros, um oficiante e convidados parabenizando o casal.
Além disso, cada indivíduo em uma interação tem uma identidade situada, que se refere aos papéis que os indivíduos adotam em relação uns aos outros em ambientes específicos.
Essas funções orientam o comportamento e ajudam as interações a serem executadas sem problemas. Por exemplo, alguém pode agir formalmente durante a cerimônia de casamento e como um amigo brincalhão na recepção.
Em segundo lugar, a auto-revelação envolve compartilhar aspectos pessoais dos sentimentos e comportamento de alguém, enquanto oculta os outros.
Por exemplo, um orador pode compartilhar memórias durante um casamento, mas excluir detalhes íntimos.
Muitas vezes segue uma norma de reciprocidade, especialmente em novos relacionamentos, onde a abertura mútua ajuda a construir confiança.
A definição de uma situação e a auto-revelação influenciam conjuntamente a forma como os indivíduos se conectam e se apresentam aos outros.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: What are social frames and how do they guide behavior in interactions?
Social frames are shared social rules that help people recognize the type of event they're attending and guide appropriate behavior. For example, a wedding frame establishes roles like the couple, officiant, and guests, with customary behaviors such as exchanging vows and offering congratulations. Frames enable participants to interpret each other's actions and establish their respective roles smoothly.
Q2: How do situated identities differ from broader self-schemas?
Situated identities are temporary roles shaped by specific social contexts, such as being perceived as a supportive family member or articulate commentator. These context-dependent identities are negotiated through verbal and non-verbal cues and are grounded in broader, more stable self-schemas that remain consistent across situations. Both work together to shape how individuals present themselves.
Q3: What role does the norm of reciprocity play in self-disclosure?
The norm of reciprocity ensures that self-disclosure is mutual and equitable, fostering trust and deeper connection between individuals. In new relationships especially, mutual openness helps build trust as both parties share personal information progressively. This balanced exchange of disclosure strengthens social bonds and facilitates meaningful relationship development.
Q4: How does self-disclosure complement the process of defining the situation?
Self-disclosure allows individuals to share personal information selectively—including emotions, desires, past experiences, and values—that shapes how others understand them. While defining the situation establishes the social context and appropriate roles, self-disclosure enables identity expression within that frame. Together, these processes form a coherent strategy for managing social identities in daily life.
Q5: Why is discretion important when sharing personal information?
Discretion in self-disclosure involves revealing pertinent aspects of oneself while concealing others to maintain desired impressions. For instance, a speaker might share memories during a wedding but exclude intimate details. This selective sharing allows individuals to control how others perceive them while still building authentic connections through appropriate personal revelation.
Q6: Can the same social frame produce different behaviors in different contexts?
Yes, the same frame can elicit varying behaviors depending on cultural or physical context. For example, a wedding frame produces different interactions at a casual beach ceremony versus a formal church service. Additionally, a single venue may evoke different interactions depending on which frame is applied—a celebratory gathering or a somber memorial—demonstrating that context shapes behavioral expectations.
Q7: How do individuals negotiate their roles within a defined social situation?
Individuals negotiate their situated identities through verbal and non-verbal cues within the established frame. Someone may adopt different roles depending on the context—acting formally during a wedding ceremony and as a playful friend at the reception. These negotiated roles are grounded in broader self-schemas and help interactions run smoothly by clarifying expectations and appropriate behaviors.