4.9
Introdução às Desigualdades Não Lineares
Desigualdades lineares e não lineares são fundamentais para analisar relações entre variáveis e identificar intervalos que satisfaçam condições especí…
Na desigualdade linear, o limite descreve uma linha reta que separa a região de solução da região que satisfaz a outra condição da desigualdade.
Em contraste, uma desigualdade não linear envolve expressões de grau mais alto e define regiões usando limites curvos em vez de linhas retas.
Ao trabalhar com essas desigualdades, particularmente tipos polinomiais, as soluções são frequentemente encontradas fatorando a expressão e definindo cada fator igual a zero para determinar as raízes ou zeros.
Esses pontos não são incluídos na solução, mas indicam onde a expressão muda de sinal, dividindo a reta numérica em intervalos que podem ser testados quanto à validade dentro da desigualdade.
Um valor de cada intervalo é substituído na desigualdade original para determinar se a expressão é verdadeira nessa região.
Os intervalos em que a desigualdade é satisfeita definem as regiões de solução.
Em um contexto de negócios, o lucro é a diferença entre a receita e o custo das unidades vendidas. Para garantir um lucro de pelo menos 20 dólares, a condição é expressa como uma desigualdade não linear. Resolver essa desigualdade fornece o intervalo específico de unidades para as quais o requisito de lucro é satisfeito.
View the full transcript and gain access to JoVE Core videos
Q1: How do nonlinear inequalities differ from linear inequalities?
Linear inequalities involve variables raised only to the first power and produce straight-line boundaries that divide the coordinate plane into two regions. Nonlinear inequalities contain higher-degree expressions and create curved boundaries instead. These curved graphs represent relationships where the rate of change varies with input values, requiring interval testing to identify solution regions.
Q2: What are critical points and why do they matter when solving nonlinear inequalities?
Critical points are values where the expression equals zero, found by factoring and setting each factor equal to zero. These points mark locations where the function may change sign and divide the number line into intervals. Testing a representative value from each interval determines whether the inequality is satisfied in that region, identifying the complete solution set.
Q3: How do you find the solution set for a nonlinear inequality?
Factor the nonlinear expression and find its roots by setting each factor equal to zero. These roots divide the number line into intervals. Substitute a test value from each interval into the original inequality to determine which intervals satisfy the condition. The intervals where the inequality holds true comprise the solution set.
Q4: Why are critical points not included in the solution of a nonlinear inequality?
Critical points are where the expression equals zero, and they mark boundaries between regions where the inequality changes from true to false. These points themselves do not satisfy strict inequalities (using < or >) because the expression equals zero at these locations, not greater or less than zero. They serve as dividers to test adjacent intervals.
Q5: How can nonlinear inequalities be used in business applications?
In business, nonlinear inequalities model relationships like profit functions influenced by production volume and marginal costs. By expressing profit requirements as a nonlinear inequality, such as ensuring profit exceeds a specific threshold, businesses can identify the range of units or sales needed to meet financial goals. This mathematical analysis guides production and pricing decisions.
Q6: What role does interval testing play in solving nonlinear inequalities?
After identifying critical points that divide the number line, interval testing involves selecting a representative value from each interval and substituting it into the original inequality. This determines whether the expression satisfies the inequality condition in that specific region. The intervals where the test values produce true statements form the complete solution set.
Q7: How do curved boundaries in nonlinear inequalities represent variable relationships?
Curved boundaries in nonlinear inequalities reflect relationships where the rate of change is not constant but varies with input values. Unlike straight lines in linear inequalities, these curves capture the behavior of higher-degree polynomial expressions. The shape and position of the curve determine which regions of the coordinate plane satisfy the inequality condition.