Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in <em>Drosophila</em> Embryos

Hanqing Guo; Michael Swan; Bing He

doi:10.3791/65314

Inibição Optogenética da Contratilidade da Actomiosina Mediada por Rho1 Juntamente com a Medida d...

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Developmental Biology

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JoVE Journal Developmental Biology

Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

Inibição Optogenética da Contratilidade da Actomiosina Mediada por Rho1 Juntamente com a Medida da Tensão Epitelial em Embriões de Drosophila

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12:35 min

April 14, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/65314-v

Hanqing Guo^1,2, Michael Swan³, Bing He¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences,Dartmouth College, ²School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, ³Department of Molecular Biology,Princeton University

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Overview

This study investigates the role of actomyosin contractility in tissue morphogenesis, particularly focusing on Drosophila embryos. The research employs an optogenetic system to rapidly inhibit Rho1-mediated actomyosin contractility, allowing for the observation of immediate changes in epithelial tension.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology

Background

Actomyosin contractility is crucial for the formation of complex tissue structures.
Understanding the mechanical forces involved in morphogenesis is essential for developmental biology.
Conventional genetic approaches are limited in their ability to manipulate actomyosin contractility in vivo.
This study aims to provide a method for acute inactivation of actomyosin contractility.

Purpose of Study

To explore how actomyosin contractility influences epithelial folding.
To develop a rapid manipulation technique for studying tissue behavior.
To enhance understanding of the genetic processes regulating morphogenesis.

Methods Used

Optogenetic system for inactivation of Rho1-mediated contractility.
In vivo experiments using Drosophila embryos.
Measurement of epithelial tension changes post-inactivation.
Analysis of tissue behavior and properties following manipulation.

Main Results

Immediate loss of epithelial tension was observed upon actomyosin inactivation.
The optogenetic approach allowed for precise temporal control of contractility.
Findings contribute to understanding the mechanics of tissue morphogenesis.
This method can be applied to study other genetic processes in development.

Conclusions

Actomyosin contractility is a key regulator of epithelial tension and tissue structure.
The optogenetic system provides a valuable tool for developmental biology research.
Future studies can leverage this approach to further investigate morphogenetic mechanisms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is actomyosin contractility?

Actomyosin contractility refers to the contractile forces generated by the interaction of actin filaments and nonmuscle myosin II, which are crucial for tissue morphogenesis.

How does the optogenetic system work?

The optogenetic system allows for the rapid and precise inactivation of specific proteins, such as Rho1, using light to control cellular processes in real-time.

Why is Drosophila used in this study?

Drosophila embryos are a well-established model for studying developmental processes and allow for genetic manipulation and observation of tissue behavior.

What are the implications of this research?

This research enhances our understanding of the mechanical forces driving tissue morphogenesis and provides a new tool for studying genetic processes in development.

Can this method be applied to other organisms?

While this study focuses on Drosophila, the optogenetic approach may be adapted for use in other model organisms to study similar processes.

A contratilidade da actomiosina desempenha um papel importante na morfogênese celular e tecidual. No entanto, é um desafio manipular agudamente a contratilidade da actomiosina in vivo . Este protocolo descreve um sistema optogenético que inibe rapidamente a contratilidade da actomiosina mediada por Rho1 em embriões de Drosophila , revelando a perda imediata da tensão epitelial após a inativação da actomiosina in vivo.

Nossa pesquisa estuda a morfogênese tecidual, a formação de estruturas teciduais tridimensionais complexas em desenvolvimento. Estamos interessados nos genes e nas moléculas que regulam a morfogênese e buscamos entender os princípios físicos subjacentes à morfogênese. Por exemplo, como as forças mecânicas são geradas e como elas conduzem a reabilitação tecidual.

As forças contráteis geradas pela actina filamentosa e miosina II não muscular, também conhecida como contratilidade da actomiosina, é uma das forças mais importantes que dirigem a morfogênese tecidual. Nossa pesquisa atual aborda como a contratilidade da actomiosina medeia o enovelamento das folhas celulares epiteliais do sangue, um mecanismo fundamental de construção tecidual no desenvolvimento. Uma compreensão profunda do papel da contratilidade da actomiosina no epitélio e em outros processos morfogenéticos requer abordagens que possam inativar rapidamente a actomiosina em tempo e local designados, e registre o impacto imediato do comportamento e das propriedades teciduais.

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