Papilla Scoring
Papilla Scoring - Related Videos
10:50
Denver Papillae Protocol for Objective Analysis of Fungiform Papillae
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Cited by 47 •
2015
Here we present a protocol to measure fungiform papilla density from digital photographs. This method builds prioritization and objective characteristic metrics into the original descriptive work on fungiform papillae by Miller & Reedy (1990).
08:46
Isolation and Culture of Human Fungiform Taste Papillae Cells
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Cited by 20 •
2012
We aimed to develop a reproducible protocol for isolating and maintaining long-term cultures of human fungiform taste papillae cells. Cells from human fungiform papillae obtained by biopsy were successfully maintained in culture for more than eight passages (12 months) without loss of viability.
09:39
Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
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Cited by 30 •
2010
Knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying gustatory transduction has recently enjoyed significant advances, largely due to using animal models. However, the wide diversity in taste sensitivity and specificity among mammals warrants studies in human tissue. We describe a biopsy technique to collect living taste cells from the papillae on human tongue.
03:38
Isolation of Circumvallate Papillae (CVP) Epithelium from Mouse Model: An Enzymatic Procedure to Separate CVP Epithelium from Mouse Tongue
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2025
In this video, we describe the isolation of circumvallate papillae (CVP) epithelium from a murine tongue.
01:06
Introduction to z Scores
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2023
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one. z scores help...
FAQs
Raised intracranial pressure can disrupt axoplasmic transport along retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic nerve head. This disruption is associated with swelling and elevation of the disc, blurred margins, vascular changes, and loss of the physiological cup. Scoring these visible findings links fundus observations to a neurological process that may affect optic nerve function.
Assessment focuses on several coordinated findings rather than a single visual sign. Clinicians examine disc swelling, margin blurring, elevation, vascular changes, and whether the physiological cup remains visible. Considering these features together helps characterize the extent of optic papilla abnormality and supports consistent grading across different examinations or fundus images.
Standardized grades convert descriptive optic nerve head findings into a consistent framework for communication. This makes comparisons more meaningful between examinations and helps clinicians or researchers identify apparent progression or response to treatment. In neuroscience, the approach also connects observable retinal findings with disorders involving intracranial pressure and optic nerve injury.
The examiner reviews the optic disc on a fundus image or during direct examination, then evaluates the defined abnormalities, including swelling, margin clarity, elevation, vascular changes, and physiological cup loss. These observations are integrated into a standardized grade. Applying the same feature-based approach at each assessment supports more reliable comparisons over time.
The method is useful when evaluating neurological disorders associated with raised intracranial pressure. Clinicians can use grades to document optic disc findings, while researchers can apply them when studying optic nerve injury. Because the score supports comparison across examinations, it can help organize observations during assessment of disease-related changes or treatment response.
Repeated grading can indicate whether optic disc abnormalities appear to progress, remain comparable, or improve after treatment. The score does not replace examination findings; instead, it provides a standardized way to compare them. In clinical research, this supports structured analysis of optic nerve head changes in conditions involving intracranial pressure or optic nerve injury.