Name: pie chart
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T10:46:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 4 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Biology

Diversity And Interdependence Of Life

Ecosystems

Pie Chart

Consider a table that summarizes the occurrence of COVID-19 cases in different countries. Such qualitative data with the frequency counts can be represented using the Pie chart, a graph in the form of a circle, just like a pie.
So, how is the data from a table converted into a pie chart?&#160;
First, divide the number of COVID cases in country A by the sum of all the COVID cases. Multiply this value by 360 degrees&#8212;the degrees in a full circle&#8212;to get the sector angle of the corresponding country.
Similarly, calculate the sector angles for the other countries. Using these sector angles, divide the circle into slices equivalent to the given number of categories.
Notice that the percentage frequencies of COVID cases also correspond to the size of their slices. Here, country E, with the largest sector, indicates the highest percentage of COVID cases. In contrast, country F, with the smallest sector angle, shows the least percentage of cases.&#160;

pie chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each indicating numerical proportions. It is also used to show the relative sizes of data in a single chart.
In a pie chart, the central angle, the arc length of each slice, and the area are directly proportional to the quantity or percentage it represents. Some real-world examples that can be depicted using pie charts include marks obtained by students in a class, the monthly expenditure of a family, and the cost of construction of a house. With the help of a pie chart, one can easily compare the sum spent on steel, cement, and so on during construction. The actual sum spent on each individual expense can also be computed.
A pie chart&#39;s main advantages are that it is simple to use and easy for the audience to quickly analyze and understand information. However, if there is a lot of data, it may become challenging for readers to visualize and assimilate information using a pie chart.

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Education

JoVE Core

Statistics

Unit 1

Summarizing and Visualizing Data

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

review and preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

what is a frequency distribution

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

construction of frequency distribution

Construction of Frequency Distribution

A frequency distribution table can be constructed using the steps given below.
First, make a table with two columns&#8212;one with the title of the data ...

relative frequency distribution

Relative Frequency Distribution

A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide ...

percentage frequency distribution

Percentage Frequency Distribution

A percentage frequency distribution, in general, is a display of data that indicates the percentage of observations for each data point or grouping of ...

cumulative frequency distribution

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

ogive graph

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

histogram

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

relative frequency histogram

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

scatter plot

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

time-series graph

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

bar graph

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

multiple bar graph

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

pareto chart

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

key terms and concepts

Learn how a pie chart shows categorical data, percentage shares, and real-world examples like class marks, family spending, and construction costs.

Pie Chart Data and Percentages | JoVE K12

statistics

JoVE Core Statistics introduces the concepts and application of the collection, analysis, presentation, and interpretation of data to students. These animated lessons provide an understanding of statistics beneficial to students from a wide range of disciplines. Additionally, the scientist-in-action videos demonstrate the application of related concepts in classical and original research experiments performed in today's laboratories worldwide

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

BIO.1

BIO.1.c

Chemistry

CH.1

CH.1.c

Earth Science

ES.1

ES.1.c

ES.1.e

Life Science

LS.1

LS.1.c

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Earth Systems Science

112.49.c.1.

112.49.c.1.F.

LS.1.e

Physical Science

PS.1

PS.1.c

Physics

PH.1

PH.1.c

PH.1.e

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.F.

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.F

Next Generation Science Standards

ecosystems-interactions-energy-and-dynamics

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

HS-LS2-2

BIO.1.F

PHYS.1

PHYS.1.F

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.F

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

interdependent-relationships-in-ecosystems

Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems

HS-LS2-2.

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited ...

The Water Cycle

The Earth&rsquo;s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, ...

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among ...

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of ...

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, ...

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the ...

Ecological Niches

All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors&#x2014;including food resources, climate, and ...

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species ...

Keystone Species

Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ...

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity ...

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and ...

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of ...

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those ...

Competition

When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. ...

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction ...

Ecological Disturbance

An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced ...

Extinction

The History of Life on Earth
Fossils of organisms that were different from anything alive today had been documented as early as the 17th century, but it ...

Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
ExpandFirst, familiarize yourself with the extinction reading supplement for the background on what ...

Diversity and Extinction during the Paleogene Epoch
ExpandBegin this procedure by reading the extinction reading supplement that has been printed out for ...

Biodiversity
• Genetic diversity
• Species diversity

Content elaboration: The great diversity of organisms and ecological niches they occupy result from more than 3.8 billion years of evolution. Populations of individual species and groups of species comprise a vast reserve of genetic diversity. Loss of diversity alters energy flow, cycles of matter and persistence within biological communities. Loss of genetic diversity in a population increases its probability of extinction.

Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species ...

Biodiversity and Human Values

Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather ...

What is Conservation Biology?

Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the ...

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet&rsquo;s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a ...

Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens ...

What are Populations and Communities?

Populations are groups of individuals of the same species that inhabit a shared environment. Communities include multiple co-existing, interacting ...

Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented ...

Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of ...

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with ...

Ecosystems
• Equilibrium and disequilibrium
• Carrying capacity

Content elaboration: Ecosystems change as geological and biological conditions vary due to natural and anthropogenic factors. Like many complex systems, ecosystems have cyclical fluctuations around a state of equilibrium. The rate of these fluctuations in ecosystems can increase due to anthropogenic factors. Changes in ecosystems may lead to disequilibrium, which can be seen in variations in carrying capacities for many species. Authentic data are used to study the rate of change in matter and energy relationships, population dynamics, carbon and nitrogen cycling, population changes and growth within an ecosystem. Graphs, charts, histograms and algebraic thinking are used to explain concepts of carrying capacity of populations and homeostasis within ecosystems by investigating changes in populations that occur locally or regionally. Mathematical models can include the exponential growth model and the logistic growth model. The simplest version of the logistic growth model is Population Growth Rate=rN(K-N)/K, which incorporates the biological concept of limited (non-infinite) carrying capacity, based upon intra- and interspecies competition for resources such as food, as represented by the variable K. Carrying capacity is defined as the population equilibrium size when births and deaths are equal; hence Population Growth Rate = zero.

What is Weather?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, &#8220;Climate is what you expect. ...

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global ...

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent ...

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land ...

Responses to Drought and Flooding

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to ...

Distribution and Dispersion

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment and with one another. An important aspect of ecology is understanding where species ...

Loss of diversity
• Climate change
• Anthropocene effects
• Extinction
• Invasive species

Content elaboration: An ecosystem will maintain equilibrium with small fluctuations in its abiotic and biotic components, but significant fluctuations can result in long-term alterations of the ecosystem and ultimately a loss of biodiversity. This can be caused by natural and anthropogenic events. Humans are a biotic factor in ecosystems and can impact critical variables within these systems. Climate is dependent on a number of feedback loops between sunlight, the ocean, the atmosphere and the biosphere. Increasing mean global temperatures cause increased variance in weather that impacts both biotic and abiotic factors. Multiple changes happening simultaneously can stress ecosystems. Extreme events such as prolonged drought, floods, or the introduction or removal of species can result in long-term alterations to ecosystems and their functions. The current rate of extinction is at least 100-1000 times the average background rate observed in the fossil record. The observed rates of biodiversity loss are indicative of a severe and pervasive disequilibrium in ecosystems. At the high school level, students should examine the factors that contribute to the accelerated extinction rates observed today and the implications of declining biodiversity carrying capacity. Misconceptions about population growth capacity, interspecies and intraspecies competition for resources, and what occurs when members of a species immigrate to or emigrate from ecosystems are included in this topic. Technology can be used to access real-time/authentic data to study population changes and growth in specific locations.

Loss of diversity

Pie Chart

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