Name: blood pressure patterns and imbalances
Uploaded: 2024-06-20T13:03:03.000Z
Duration: 1 min 30 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Alabama Course of Study Science

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

from-molecules-to-organisms-structures-and-processes

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

9-12.HA.1.8.a

Alterations in Blood Pressure

The alterations in blood pressure include hypertension and hypotension.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when the systolic blood pressure measurements on two different days exceed 130 mmHg and the diastolic pressure exceeds 80 mmHg.
The symptoms include blurry or double vision, nose bleeding, and palpitations.
It is classified into primary and secondary hypertension.
Primary hypertension has no identifiable causes, although some risk factors, like smoking or family history, may contribute to the illness.
Secondary hypertension arises due to underlying conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease and hyperthyroidism.
Next, hypotension, or low blood pressure, is diagnosed when the systolic pressure drops below 90 mmHg and the diastolic pressure falls below 60 mmHg.
Hypotensive symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, increased sweating, and tachycardia.
Hypotension can be classified into the following categories.
Orthostatic hypotension is caused by a change in position, particularly when rising from sitting or lying down.
Postprandial hypotension is a significant decrease in blood pressure following a meal.
Lastly, neurally mediated hypotension is caused when a person

alterations in blood pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions&#39; classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart beats) exceeds 130 mmHg, and diastolic pressure (the bottom number, indicating pressure between beats) surpasses 80 mmHg on two separate occasions.
<ul>
	<li>&#8226; Symptoms: Individuals with hypertension may experience symptoms such as blurry or double vision, nosebleeds, and palpitations. However, many people with hypertension do not exhibit noticeable manifestations, earning it the nickname &#34;the silent killer.&#34;</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Classification:
	<ol>
		<li>Primary (essential) hypertension: This type has no identifiable cause but is linked to risk factors such as smoking, obesity, genetic predisposition, age, and high salt intake.</li>
		<li>Secondary hypertension: This form is caused by underlying conditions affecting organs or systems, such as kidney disease (e.g., polycystic kidney disease) or endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperthyroidism).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ul>
Hypotension (Low blood pressure)
Hypotension is identified when systolic blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg, and diastolic pressure drops below 60 mmHg. This condition may lead to inadequate blood flow to organs, resulting in various symptoms.
<ul>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Symptoms: Common symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, increased sweating, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). These symptoms arise because the body&#39;s organs are not receiving sufficient oxygen and nutrients due to reduced blood flow.</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Classification:
	<ol>
		<li>Orthostatic hypotension occurs when blood pressure drops abruptly upon sudden standing up from a sitting or lying position, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness.</li>
		<li>Postprandial hypotension: A significant decrease in blood pressure following a meal, particularly common in older adults.</li>
		<li>Neurally mediated hypotension: Occurs from prolonged standing, leading to miscommunication between the heart and the brain, resulting in decreased blood pressure.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ul>

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. ...

Education

JoVE Core

Nursing

Unit 1

Vital Signs: Blood Pressure

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

blood pressure patterns and imbalances

Blood pressure patterns and imbalances include hypertension, or high blood pressure, and hypotension, or low blood pressure. Both conditions can affect how well blood moves through the body and can signal important health problems.

Hypertension is present when blood pressure stays above the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic pressure, the top number measured while the heart beats, is above 130 mmHg and diastolic pressure, the bottom number measured between beats, is above 80 mmHg on two separate occasions. Many people have no clear symptoms, which is why hypertension is often called the silent killer.

When symptoms do appear, they may include blurry or double vision, nosebleeds, and palpitations. Primary, also called essential, hypertension has no known cause. It is linked to risk factors such as smoking, obesity, genetic predisposition, age, and high salt intake.

Secondary hypertension has an identifiable cause. It can result from underlying conditions that affect other organs or body systems, such as kidney disease, including polycystic kidney disease, or endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism. These conditions can raise blood pressure through changes in body function.

Hypotension occurs when blood pressure falls below 90 mmHg systolic and 60 mmHg diastolic. Low blood pressure can reduce blood flow to organs, so the body may not receive enough oxygen and nutrients.

Common symptoms of hypotension include dizziness, fatigue, increased sweating, and tachycardia, which means a rapid heart rate. Orthostatic hypotension happens when blood pressure drops suddenly after standing up from sitting or lying down. Postprandial hypotension is a large drop in blood pressure after a meal and is especially common in older adults.

Neurally mediated hypotension occurs after prolonged standing. It is linked to a communication problem between the heart and the brain, which leads to lower blood pressure. Understanding these patterns helps explain why blood pressure can rise too high or fall too low.

Blood Pressure Patterns and Imbalances

blood pressure

How Blood Pressure Is Controlled

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as it moves through the body. It helps keep blood flowing to tissues and organs. A typical adult reading is about 120/80 mmHg, or millimeters of mercury. The two numbers in a blood pressure reading show different phases of the heartbeat. The systolic pressure, the top number, is the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract and push blood out. The diastolic pressure, the bottom number, is the pressure when the...

factors affecting blood pressure

What Changes Blood Pressure Levels

Blood pressure levels change because of age, body position, daily rhythms, and everyday habits. These influences matter when reading blood pressure and when teaching patients how to manage it. Age is one important factor. As people get older, their arteries can become stiffer and lose elasticity. This makes it harder for the arteries to widen and absorb pressure changes, so systolic pressure often rises in older adults. Blood pressure also follows a circadian rhythm, which is the body’s...

Blood pressure patterns and imbalances include hypertension, or high blood pressure, and hypotension, or low blood pressure. Both conditions can affect how well blood moves through the body and can signal important health problems. Hypertension is present when blood pressure stays above the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic pressure, the top number measured while the heart beats, is above 130 mmHg and diastolic pressure, the bottom number measured between beats, is above 80 mmHg on...

sites for measuring blood pressure

Brachial and Popliteal Blood Pressure Sites

Blood pressure is measured at specific artery sites to check cardiovascular health. The brachial artery and the popliteal artery are the two main sites used in this lesson because they are accessible and give reliable readings. The brachial artery is the standard site for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, while the popliteal artery is used when the arm site cannot be accessed. The brachial artery starts from the axillary artery and runs to the cubital fossa at the front of the elbow. It...

equipments used to measure blood pressure

equipments-used-to-measure-blood-pressure

Blood Pressure Tools in Clinical Care

Blood pressure tools in clinical care include both direct and indirect methods. Some methods are invasive, while others are non-invasive. Each device gives blood pressure information in a different way. The direct method uses cannulation of a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure creates mechanical motion inside the catheter. This motion moves through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer, which changes it into electrical signals shown as waveforms on a monitor. An...

korotkoff sounds

Korotkoff Sounds During Blood Pressure Checks

Korotkoff sounds are the sounds heard during a blood pressure check with a sphygmomanometer. A stethoscope or a Doppler device is usually placed below the cuff to listen for them. These sounds were first described by Russian physician Nikolai Korotkov in 1905. Korotkoff sounds appear when the cuff pressure falls to the patient’s systolic blood pressure. Before that point, inflating the cuff about 30 millimeters of mercury above systolic pressure blocks blood flow, so no sounds are heard. As...

errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

errors-occurring-during-blood-pressure-monitoring

Why Blood Pressure Readings Can Be Wrong

Blood pressure monitoring is an important clinical procedure for checking cardiovascular health. Accurate readings help doctors diagnose and manage heart and blood vessel conditions. But several factors can make the result falsely high or falsely low. Patient habits and body changes can affect the reading before the cuff is even used. A recent meal, caffeine, or smoking can raise blood pressure for a short time. Stress, physical strain, and natural daily rhythms, called circadian rhythms, can...

pre-procedural guidelines for assessing blood pressure

pre-procedural-guidelines-for-assessing-blood-pressure

Preparing for an Accurate Blood Pressure Check

Accurate blood pressure measurement starts with careful preparation. Standard pre-procedural steps help healthcare professionals get reliable readings and support patient safety. These steps also improve communication and the overall quality of care. Before starting, gather the needed equipment. This includes a stethoscope, a sphygmomanometer, a cuff that fits the arm, a pen, a flow sheet, and an alcohol swab. The cuff size matters. It should cover about 40% of the arm’s circumference at the...

assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

assessment-of-blood-pressure-in-brachial-arteryone-step-method

Measuring Blood Pressure with a Digital Cuff

Measuring blood pressure with a digital cuff is a simple clinical procedure that uses an oscillometric sphygmomanometer. It focuses on accurate readings, patient safety, and comfort. The process also helps support reliable follow-up care. Before the measurement begins, hand hygiene is done to reduce cross-infection risk. The procedure is then explained to the patient so they know what to expect. This includes the brief length of the assessment and any sensations they may feel. Clear...

assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

assessment-of-blood-pressure-in-brachial-arterytwo-step-method

Manual Brachial Blood Pressure Measurement

Manual blood pressure measurement in the brachial artery uses an aner​oid sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to find systolic and diastolic pressure. This technique is a core clinical skill for checking blood pressure in people with hypertension or other cardiovascular conditions. The procedure begins with hand hygiene. This lowers the risk of cross-infection. The patient is then told what will happen. Clear explanation helps reduce anxiety and supports cooperation, which can affect the...

assessing blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

assessing-blood-pressure-using-a-doppler-ultrasound

Doppler Ultrasound for Accurate Blood Pressure

Doppler ultrasound is used to measure blood pressure when a standard cuff method may not give an accurate reading. It uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow in an artery. This makes it useful in clinical settings where circulation is harder to assess. Before the measurement, the care team prepares the Doppler device, a blood pressure cuff, a sphygmomanometer, and conducting gel. The cuff size must match the arm circumference and should cover about 40% of the limb. Different cuff...

assessing blood pressure in the leg

Measuring Leg Blood Pressure Step by Step

Measuring leg blood pressure takes careful setup, correct cuff placement, and close listening for clear readings. This procedure helps healthcare providers collect reliable vital signs and support patient care. The first step is hand hygiene. Use bactericidal soap or an alcohol-based rub to help reduce the spread of infectious agents. Then position the patient so the popliteal artery, the artery behind the knee, can be reached without obstruction. A prone position works best. If that is not...

special considerations while measuring blood pressure

special-considerations-while-measuring-blood-pressure

Common Blood Pressure Reading Pitfalls

Blood pressure readings can change because of body position, arm choice, sound quality, and the type of device used. Careful technique helps healthcare workers get the most accurate result and spot problems early. It is best to check blood pressure in both arms during the first assessment. The systolic value can differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For later checks, use the arm with the higher reading. Body position also matters. Diastolic pressure is about five millimeters of mercury...

key terms and concepts

Learn how hypertension and hypotension are classified, what causes them, and the symptoms students should know, from silent high blood pressure to low-pressure dizziness.

Blood Pressure Patterns and Imbalances | JoVE K12

JoVE Core Nursing offers concise animated lessons on nursing practices, covering health systems, nursing organizations, and health concepts. It includes practical communication, infection prevention, and nursing fundamentals, providing students with a clear understanding of nursing principles.

nursing

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.39

structural-organization-of-the-human-body-an-overview

Structural Organization of the Human Body: An Overview

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a. Construct an explanation of the relationships between the integumentary system and other organ systems, including the body's mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis. Examples: Explain how changes in vessel diameter and evaporation of water over the skin contribute to thermoregulation (cardiovascular). Explain how sweat is used to excrete nitrogenous waste from the blood (cardiovascular). Explain how the skin and mucous membranes create a barrier against infection (immune system).

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Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the ...

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The Functions of the Skeletal System

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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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The Bone Matrix

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Naming Skeletal Muscles

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Action Potential

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Blood Pressure Patterns and Imbalances

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