Name: cartilage joints in bones and growth
Uploaded: 2025-05-22T09:05:58.000Z
Duration: 1 min 17 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

ohios-learning-standards-and-model-curriculum

Ohio’s Learning Standards and Model Curriculum

9-12

Human Anatomy and Physiology

Support And Motion

Skeletal System

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

Cartilaginous joints are formed when bones are connected by cartilage, a strong but flexible connective tissue. These joints may be slightly movable and do not have a synovial cavity.
Cartilaginous joints are classified into two types based on the connecting cartilage &#8212; synchondroses, where hyaline cartilage joins the bones, and symphyses, where fibrocartilage connects them.
Synchondroses are mostly immovable or synarthrotic joints. They can be either temporary or permanent.
The joint in a child&#39;s bone between the metaphysis and the epiphysis is a temporary synchondrosis connected by epiphyseal cartilage. After puberty, the epiphyseal cartilage is replaced by bone, and then the metaphysis and epiphysis fuse.
In contrast, the joint between the first rib and the manubrium is a permanent synchondrosis connected by costal cartilage.
Symphyses are amphiarthrotic, which means that they allow limited movement.
For example, the joint connecting the pubic bones through a compressible and shock-absorbing fibrocartilage disc is a symphysis.

structural joints: cartilaginous joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis (&#34;joined by cartilage&#34;) is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or permanent. A temporary synchondrosis is the epiphyseal or growth plate of a growing long bone. The epiphyseal plate is the region of growing hyaline cartilage that unites the &#34;metaphysis&#34; (flared section at the proximal or distal end of the shaft) of the bone to the epiphysis (end of the bone). Bone lengthening involves the growth of the epiphyseal plate cartilage and its replacement by bone, which adds to the diaphysis.
Examples of permanent synchondroses are found in the thoracic cage. One example is the first sternocostal joint, where the first rib is anchored to the manubrium by its costal cartilage. (The articulations of the remaining costal cartilages to the sternum are all synovial joints.) Unlike the temporary synchondroses of the epiphyseal plate, these permanent synchondroses retain their hyaline cartilage and thus do not ossify with age. Due to the lack of movement between the bone and cartilage, both temporary and permanent synchondroses are functionally classified as synarthrosis.
Symphysis
A cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage is called a symphysis (&#34;growing together&#34;). Fibrocartilage is very strong because it contains numerous bundles of thick collagen fibers, thus giving it a much greater ability to resist pulling and bending forces when compared with hyaline cartilage. This allows symphyses to unite the adjacent bones firmly but allow limited movement. Thus, a symphysis is functionally classified as an amphiarthrosis.
The intervertebral symphysis is a wide symphysis located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae of the vertebral column. Here a thick pad of fibrocartilage called an intervertebral disc strongly unites the adjacent vertebrae by filling the gap between them. The width of the intervertebral symphysis is important because it allows for small movements between the adjacent vertebrae. In addition, the thick intervertebral disc provides cushioning between the vertebrae, which is important when carrying heavy objects or during high-impact activities such as running or jumping.
This text is adapted from <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/9-3-cartilaginous-joints">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 9.3: Cartilaginous Joints</a>

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Unit 1

The Joints

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

cartilage joints in bones and growth

Cartilaginous joints are bone connections made with cartilage, a tough but flexible connective tissue. They do not have a joint cavity like synovial joints. Instead, the bones are linked by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

One type of cartilaginous joint is the synchondrosis, which means bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. A synchondrosis can be temporary or permanent. The temporary form is the epiphyseal, or growth, plate in a growing long bone. This plate is the growing hyaline cartilage between the metaphysis, the flared part at the end of the shaft, and the epiphysis, the end of the bone.

Bone lengthening happens as the epiphyseal plate cartilage grows and is then replaced by bone. This process adds to the diaphysis, or shaft. Permanent synchondroses are found in the thoracic cage. One example is the first sternocostal joint, where the first rib is attached to the manubrium by costal cartilage. The joints between the remaining costal cartilages and the sternum are synovial joints. Permanent synchondroses keep their hyaline cartilage and do not ossify with age. Because they allow little to no movement, both temporary and permanent synchondroses are classified as synarthrosis.

The other type of cartilaginous joint is the symphysis, which means bones are joined by fibrocartilage. Fibrocartilage contains many thick collagen fiber bundles, so it resists pulling and bending better than hyaline cartilage. This makes the joint strong while still allowing limited movement. A symphysis is therefore classified as an amphiarthrosis.

A good example is the intervertebral symphysis between adjacent vertebral bodies in the spinal column. A thick pad of fibrocartilage called an intervertebral disc fills the gap and firmly joins the vertebrae. The width of this joint allows small movements between the vertebrae. The disc also cushions the spine, which matters when carrying heavy objects or during high-impact activities such as running or jumping.

Cartilage Joints in Bones and Growth

introduction to joints

Joints: Stability and Movement

Joints are where bones come together in the human body. The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Many joints let bones move smoothly against each other, while other joints are built for support and very little movement. Joint stability and movement are closely linked. Joints that are very stable usually allow little or no mobility. Joints that allow the most movement are the least stable. This...

functional classification of joints

Joint Mobility and Bone Movement

Joint mobility is the basis of the functional classification of joints. Joints are grouped by how much movement they allow between nearby bones. They are classified as synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, or diarthrosis. A synarthrosis is an immobile or nearly immobile joint. These joints form a strong union between bones. That strength is important where the bones help protect internal organs. Examples include sutures between the bones of the skull, which protect the brain, and the manubriosternal...

structural classification of joints

Types of Body Joints by Movement

Body joints, or articulations, are grouped by how the bones are connected and how much they move. The main structural features are the tissue between the bones and whether a fluid-filled joint cavity is present. These differences divide joints into three structural classes. Fibrous joints connect adjacent bones with fibrous connective tissue. They do not have a synovial cavity. The bones are joined by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers, so movement is minimal to none. <br...

structural joints: fibrous joints

Fibrous Joints in Skull, Teeth, and Limbs

Fibrous joints connect bones with fibrous connective tissue. They give the body stability and allow little to no movement between the bones that meet there. There are three kinds of fibrous joints: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. A suture joins the bones of the skull, except for the mandible. The strong fibrous tissue at these joints helps protect the brain and shape the face. In adults, the skull bones lie close together, and fibrous tissue fills the narrow space between them. Many...

Cartilaginous joints are bone connections made with cartilage, a tough but flexible connective tissue. They do not have a joint cavity like synovial joints. Instead, the bones are linked by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. One type of cartilaginous joint is the synchondrosis, which means bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. A synchondrosis can be temporary or permanent. The temporary form is the epiphyseal, or growth, plate in a growing long bone. This plate is the growing hyaline...

structural joints: synovial joints

Synovial Joints: Mobility and Lubrication

Synovial joints are the body’s most mobile joints. They have a joint cavity, which is a fluid-filled space where the bones meet. Unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the bone surfaces in a synovial joint are not directly joined by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This structure lets the bones move smoothly against each other. The walls of the joint cavity are made by the articular capsule, a fibrous connective tissue structure that attaches to each bone just outside the articulating...

articulations of the vertebral column

How Vertebrae and Joints Control Spine Motion

The vertebral column has synovial joints that help control how the spine moves. Adjacent vertebrae connect not only through the intervertebral discs, but also through joints between the superior and inferior articular processes. These joints are called zygapophysial joints, or facet joints, and they are plane joints that allow only limited motion. The direction of the articular processes changes in different regions of the spine. This change affects which movements are possible in each area.

knee joint

Knee Joint Ligaments and Menisci

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It includes three articulations: two tibiofemoral joints and one patellofemoral joint. As a synovial joint, it has a thin articular capsule that partly surrounds the joint cavity. Several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures help the knee move and stay stable. Seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris muscle group, is the main ligament that stabilizes the...

ankle joint

Ankle Hinge Motion and Ligaments

The ankle joint is a hinge joint that links the foot and lower leg. It is formed by the talocrural joint, which brings together the talus bone of the foot with the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the leg. The talus has a square-shaped top surface with three areas of articulation. The upper part of the talus meets the inferior tibia and carries body weight between the leg and foot. The medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula hold the talus in place on the...

development of the limb synovial joints

How Limb Joints Form in the Embryo

Limb synovial joints form during embryonic development as the bones of the arms and legs begin to take shape. The process starts with mesenchyme, the embryonic tissue that gives rise to bones, cartilage, and connective tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells first become chondrocytes, which make hyaline cartilage. This cartilage later becomes the model for each bone and then turns into bone through endochondral ossification. The limbs first appear as small limb buds on the sides of the embryo near the...

key terms and concepts

Learn how cartilaginous joints connect bones with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, including growth plates, the first sternocostal joint, and intervertebral discs.

Cartilage Joints in Bones and Growth | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

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Integumentary System

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Functional Classification of Joints
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Muscular System

Content elaboration: The muscular system consists of three types of muscle cells: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. The primary function of the muscular system is to contract, thereby, moving the body and internal fluids, maintaining posture, generating heat and stabilizing joints. Muscles are controlled voluntarily and/or involuntarily. Heart muscle cells are mononucleated, branched and striated. Intercalated disks are characteristic of cardiac muscle and aid in communication between cardiac muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells, found in the hollow organs and blood vessels, are mononucleated, spindle-shaped and nonstriated. Skeletal muscle cells, found attached to bones and skin, are multinucleated, cylindrical and striated. The muscles of the body can be studied by group, which include the muscles of the head, face and neck, the trunk and the upper and lower limbs. Processes of the muscular system include gross body movements produced by skeletal muscles as they interact with the skeletal system, and muscle contraction. The connection between the nervous system and the skeletal system should be explored through the study of action potentials and the resulting contraction of sarcomeres, as described by the sliding filament theory. Energy processing and muscle responses to stimuli can be studied along with building muscle tissue through exercise. The effects of steroids can also be investigated. Homeostatic imbalances are explored. These include, but are not limited to, muscular dystrophy and atrophy. Investigations are used to understand and explain the muscular system in a variety of inquiry and design scenarios that can incorporate evolutionary concepts, scientific reasoning, comparative analysis, communication skills and real-world applications.

Muscular System

Cartilage Joints in Bones and Growth

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