Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.

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In communication systems, gain quantifies the extent of signal amplification or attenuation.

Power gain denotes the common logarithm of the ratio of output power to input power and is expressed in bels.

For practical measurements, a decibel is commonly used. It is a subunit equivalent to one-tenth of a bel.

Consider a networ...