Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation,…

Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically…

Spontaneous Chemical Reactions Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery…

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox…

Thermodynamics of a Redox Reaction Thermodynamics is the branch of physics dealing with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. In…

Nonstandard Reaction Conditions The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free…

A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same…

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms…

The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the…

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are…

Material corrosion can be a limiting factor for different materials in many applications. Thus, it is necessary to better understand corrosion…

A novel electrochemical cell based on a CaF2 solid-state electrolyte has been developed to measure the electromotive force (emf) of binary alkaline…

Here we demonstrate the method of electrochemical gating used to characterize electrical conductivity of electrode-grown microbial biofilms under…