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Chapter 8

Helping and Hurting

Egoism and Altruism
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as…
Empathy
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he…
Social Traps
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to…
Aggression
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives:…
Bullying
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial…
Bystander Effect
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following…
Analyzing Situations in Helping Behavior
Source: Julian Wills & Jay Van Bavel—New York University Social psychologists and personality psychologists both attempt to predict human…
Ostracism: Effects of Being Ignored Over the Internet
Source: Peter Mende-Siedlecki & Jay Van Bavel—New York University Social ostracism is defined as being ignored and excluded in the presence…
Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
Social exclusion is a complex social phenomenon with powerful negative consequences. Given the impact of social exclusion on mental and emotional…

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