Skin Diseases and Disorders

The skin is the protective barrier that safeguards the body from the harsh external environment.

However, scrapes, injuries, and microbial infections on the skin can cause a variety of skin diseases that may result in significant changes in skin color and morphology.

Bacterial infestation on an injury or surgical wound can cause cellulitis - inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

Ringworm, a fungal infection, develops as itchy, red circular patches on the skin. Small skin growths known as warts are caused by the human papillomavirus.

Moreover, the skin can also be affected by autoimmune disorders.

Scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal skin thickening due to collagen overproduction.

In alopecia areata, the immune cells attack hair follicles, forming bald patches on the scalp.

Psoriasis, another autoimmune condition, is characterized by red, raised epidermal patches seen as rashes with silvery scales that itch or bleed.

Vitiligo, a chronic autoimmune condition that affects melanocytes, manifests as patches of pale skin.