17.3: Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.

Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.

Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), and lacosamide (Vimpat). Phenytoin is effective against all focal and tonic-clonic seizures except absence seizures. Both carbamazepine and lamotrigine are effective treatments for generalized tonic-clonic and focal seizures. Lacosamide, on the other hand, is approved for both monotherapy and add-on therapy for focal-onset seizures.

These drugs are typically administered orally, making them easily incorporated into daily routines. While they are effective in managing epilepsy, it's important to note that they can have side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, and skin rash. Regular consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended to manage these potential side effects.

Understanding antiepileptic drugs, their mechanisms, uses, and potential side effects can help patients and caregivers better manage epilepsy. Always consult with a medical professional when considering medication options for epilepsy.

Antiepileptic drugs, essential in managing epilepsy, effectively prevent seizures by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuron's membrane.

Sodium channel blockers modulate cation channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They prolong the inactivated state of these channels, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.

Commonly, sodium channel blockers include phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine.

Phenytoin is effective against all focal and tonic-clonic seizures but not against absence seizures.

Carbamazepine and lamotrigine are prescribed for treating generalized tonic-clonic and focal seizures.

These drugs are usually taken orally, with some administered in intravenous form.

Though effective, they may cause common side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, ataxia, fatigue, and skin rash.