Control of Power Flow

Controlling power flow requires managing components like generators' prime mover and excitation control, shunt capacitor banks, reactors, static var systems, and regulating transformers.

A generator under steady-state conditions is represented by the Thévenin equivalent, including terminal voltage, excitation voltage, power angle, and synchronous reactance.

The generator's current, real, and reactive powers are then calculated.

Increasing the power angle boosts real power but decreases reactive power, while raising excitation voltage increases reactive power and slightly decreases the power angle.

Adding a shunt capacitor bank to a bus increases its voltage, whereas a shunt reactor decreases it.

Tap-changing and voltage-regulating transformers control bus voltages and reactive power flows. Phase-angle regulating transformers control bus angles and real power flows.

Alterations in tap settings or voltage regulation alters the transformer's turns ratio computed by the power flow program.

The program also evaluates the effects of switching lines, transformers, loads, and generators. It simulates changes to meet future load growth.