Five-Factor Theory of Personality

The Five-factor model of personality describes personality as a set of five broad traits — openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism,  each existing on a continuum.

Openness reflects creativity and appreciation for new ideas and experiences. High scorers in openness are imaginative, independent thinkers with diverse interests, while low scorers are more practical and routine-oriented.

Conscientiousness indicates organized, responsible, and dependable behavior. High scorers in conscientiousness are goal-oriented, hardworking, and thoughtful, whereas low scorers are impulsive and careless.

Extroversion measures sociability, assertiveness, and emotional expressiveness. High scorers in extroversion are outgoing and seek excitement, while low scorers are reserved and quiet.

Agreeableness represents cooperativeness, trustworthiness, and kindness. High scorers in agreeableness are empathetic and helpful, while lower scorers are critical and uncooperative.

Neuroticism reflects emotional instability and a tendency toward negative emotions. High scorers are prone to anxiety and unhappiness, whereas low scorers are calm and stable.