Temperature

Temperature measures how hot or cold something is, but in science, it is defined by the movement of tiny particles in matter.

When these particles move fast, they have more energy, making things warmer. When these particles move slowly, they have less energy, making things cooler.

We use a thermometer to measure temperature. Generally, thermometers contain a liquid that expands and contracts with temperature.

When the thermometer gets warmer, the liquid particles speed up, causing the liquid to rise.

When the thermometer gets colder, the particles slow down, making the liquid fall.

Historically, thermometers used to contain mercury. Today, thermometers use alcohol instead of mercury as it is safer and expands evenly with temperature changes.

There are different ways to measure temperature, like Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

Celsius, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale where water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

In the Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.

We can convert Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.