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Method Article

A Paper-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G

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July 8th, 2025

In This Article

Abstract

Source: Peng, Y. et al., Covalent Binding of Antibodies to Cellulose Paper Discs and Their Applications in Naked-eye Colorimetric Immunoassays. J. Vis. Exp. (2016)

The video demonstrates a paper-based immunoassay, involving amine-functionalized cellulose discs cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Covalent immobilization of IgG-Fc-specific capture antibodies, followed by the introduction of immunoglobulin G and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated detection antibodies, results in a color change confirming the presence of immunoglobulin G.

Protocol

1. Grafting Amine Functional Groups on Cellulose Paper Discs

  1. Prepare one piece of square paper with a dimension of 1 cm × 1 cm, and 100 paper discs made from grade No. 1 cellulose paper with a diameter of 6.0 mm (medium-flow filter paper) using a hole punch.
  2. To derive -NH2 groups on the paper discs, mix 1 ml 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) and 10 ml acetone in a 50 ml glass bottle in the fume hood. Add paper discs to the freshly prepared APS reagent mixture, and incubate for 5 hr with orbital stirring (200 rpm) at room temperature.
    CAUTION: Handle APS and acetone in the fume hood.
  3. ....

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Results

FTIR spectra comparing absorbance of cellulose paper with NH2 treatment, highlighting C-H and Si-O bonds.
Figure 1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of untreated and APS-treated medium-flow filter square paper (A) and fast-flow filter square paper (B). A. The spectra for untreated medium-flow filter square pap.......

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Disclosures

No conflicts of interest declared.

Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Cellulose filter paper, Grade1 (medium flow filter paper)GE Healthcare Pte Ltd Singapore 1001 110
Cellulose filter paper, Grade113 (Fast flow filter paper)Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore1113-320
3-AminopropyltrimethoxysilaneSigma-Aldrich, SingaporeT1255>96%
GlutaraldehydeSigma-Aldrich, SingaporeG6257Grade II, 25% in H2O
Bovine serum album Sigma-Aldrich, SingaporeA2153
Skimmed milk powderLouis François Packed by Kitchen Capers, Singapore
Tris basePromegaH5135
Sodium periodateMerck106597
Na2HPO4Merck106585
KH2PO4Merck104873
NaClCALBIOCHEM567441
NaOHMerck106462
HCLMerck100317
Phosphate buffer saline (PBS)N/AN/APBS, containing 137 mmol/L NaCl, 2.7 mmol/L KCl, 8.0 mmol/L Na2HPO4 and 1.5 mmol/L KH2PO4, is prepared with water and adjusted to pH 7.4 with 0.1 mol/L NaOH or 0.1 mol/L HCl
AcetoneTee Hai Chem Pte Ltd Singapore9005-68
Mixture of TMB and hydrogen peroxide solution 1-Step ultra TMB-ELISA solution , Thermo Scientific Pierce340291 L
Affinity purified goat anti-Mouse IgG-Fc coating antibodyBethyl Laboratories, IncA90-131A
Mouse reference serumBethyl Laboratories, IncRS10-101-59.5 mg/mL
HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG-Fc detection antibodyBethyl Laboratories, IncA90-131P
Equipment
Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometerShimadzu IR Prestige-21 N/A
OvenNUVE FN500N/A
Turbo mixer VM-2000MYC LTDN/A
Image JRGB, free downloadN/A

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