A high yield method for one-step negative purification of recombinant Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) overexpressed in Escherichia coli by using diethylaminoethyl resins in batch mode is described. HP-NAP purified by this method is beneficial for the development of vaccines, drugs, or diagnostics for H. pylori-associated diseases.
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Method Article
One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by activating several innate leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells. The immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP make it a potential diagnostic and vaccine candidate for H. pylori and a new drug candidate for cancer therapy. In order to obtain substantial quantities of purified HP-NAP used for its clinical applications, an efficient method to purify this protein with high yield and purity needs to be established.
In this protocol, we have described a method for one-step negative chromatographic purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange resins (e.g., Sephadex) in batch mode. Recombinant HP-NAP constitutes nearly 70% of the total protein in E. coli and is almost fully recovered in the soluble fraction upon cell lysis at pH 9.0. Under the optimal condition at pH 8.0, the majority of HP-NAP is recovered in the unbound fraction while the endogenous proteins from E. coli are efficiently removed by the resin.
This purification method using negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE ion-exchange resins yields functional HP-NAP from E. coli in its native form with high yield and purity. The purified HP-NAP could be further utilized for the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of H. pylori-associated diseases as well as cancer therapy.
Introduction
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer. This bacterium has also been classified as a carcinogen in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization, in 1994. It has been estimated that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is 70% in the developing countries and 30-40% in the industrialized countries1. Even though the infection rate of H. pylori is decreasing in the industrialized countries, the infection rate of H. pylori in the developing countries is still high2. The standard treatment to eradicate H. pylori
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Protocol
Human blood was collected from healthy volunteers with prior written informed consent and approval from the Institutional Review Board of the National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
1. Expression of Recombinant HP-NAP in E. coli
- Prepare the plasmid pET42a-NAP containing the DNA sequence of HP-NAP from H. pylori 26695 strain as previously described16. Prepare the plasmids containing the DNA sequence of HP-NAP with the desired point mutations as described (see Protocol, step 8).
- Transform 10 ng of the above DNA plasmids into E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells by heat shock for 45 seconds at 42 &#....
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Results
The schematic diagram of the experimental procedure of negative purification of recombinant HP-NAP expressed in E. coli by using DEAE ion-exchange resins in batch mode is shown in Figure 1. This purification technique is based on the binding of host cell proteins and/or impurities other than HP-NAP to the resin. At pH 8.0, almost no other proteins except HP-NAP in its native form are recovered from the unbound fraction (Figure 2A and B
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Discussion
The negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE anion-exchange resins presented here is suitable for purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in E coli. The pH values of the buffers used in the steps of cell lysis and purification are very critical to ensure the solubility of HP-NAP in E. coli lysates and efficient separation of recombinant HP-NAP from host cell impurities, respectively. Bacterial cells should be lysed at pH 9.0, and the negative purification should be performed at pH 8.0 to ob.......
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Disclosures
HWF and YCY are inventors of patents TW I 432579 and US 8,673,312 for the method of one-step purification of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein. All materials described in the manuscript will be available for research purposes. The authors confirm that this does not alter their adherence to all of the JoVE's policies on sharing data and materials.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Chao-Sheng Cheng at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, for performing the circular dichroism measurement. We also thank Drs. Evanthia Galanis and Ianko D. Iankov at Mayo Clinic, USA, for providing the anti-HP-NAP monoclonal antibody. We appreciate Drs. Han-Wen Chang and Chung-Chu Chen at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, for providing advice for IRB application, Mr. Te-Lung Tsai at the Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, for supervising the analysis of isolated neutrophils, and Ms. Ju-Chen Weng at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, for her technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Tech....
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material | |||
| pET42a-NAP | N/A | N/A | prepared as described in Supplementary data of Refernce 15 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X08018317 |
| E. coli BL21 (DE3) | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc | C6000-03 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/C600003 |
| Kanamycin | Amresco | 25389-94-0 | http://www.amresco-inc.com/KANAMYCIN-SULFATE-0408.cmsx |
| Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) | MD Biomedical Inc | 101-367-93-1 | http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product_det.php?id=238064&supplier=search&name =IPTG%20 |
| phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) | Sigma-Aldrich | 10837091001 | protease inhibitor http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/PMSFRO?lang=en®ion=TW |
| N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysinyl-chloromethylketone (TLCK) | Sigma-Aldrich | T7254 | protease inhibitor http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t7254?lang=en®ion=TW |
| N-tosyl-L-phenylalaninyl-chloromethylketone (TPCK) | Sigma-Aldrich | T4376 | protease inhibitor http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t4376?lang=en®ion=TW |
| Protein standard (bovine serum albumin) | Sigma-Aldrich | P5619 | a standard protein for Bio-Rad Protein Assay http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/fluka/p5619?lang=en®ion=TW |
| DEAE–Sephadex A-25 chloride form | Sigma-Aldrich | A25120 | http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a25120?lang=en®ion=TW |
| Spectrum/Por dialysis tubing | Spectrum Laboratories | 132720 | with molecular weight cutoff of 14 kDa http://www.spectrumlabs.com/dialysis/RCtubing.html?Pn=132720; |
| Acrodisc® units with Mustang® E membrane | Pall | MSTG25E3 | for endotoxin removal; operated at flow rates ranging from 1 to 4 ml/min http://www.pall.com/main/laboratory/product.page?id=19992 |
| mouse monoclonal antibody MAb 16F4 | N/A | N/A | raised against the purified HP-NAP of H. pylori strain NCTC 11637 as described in Refernce 23; A gift from Drs. Evanthia Galanis and Ianko D. Iankov at Mayo Clinic, USA http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10017585 |
| HiLoad 16/600 Superdex 200 pg | GE Healthcare Life Sciences | 28989335 | for gel filtration chromatography http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/28989335 |
| PlusOne silver staining kit, protein | GE Healthcare Life Sciences | 17-1150-01 | http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/17115001 |
| Ficoll-Paque PLUS | GE Healthcare Life Sciences | 17-1440-02 | for density gradient centrifugation to purify human neutrophils http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/catalog/en/GELifeSciences-tw/products/AlternativeProductStructure _16963/17144002 |
| Flat bottom 96-well white plate | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc | 236108 | http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/nunc-f96-microwell-black-white-polystyrene-plate.html |
| Luminol | Sigma-Aldrich | A8511 | protected from light http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a8511?lang=en®ion=TW |
| Expand long template PCR system | Sigma-Aldrich | 11681834001 | source of High Fidelity PCR enzyme mix http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/elongro?lang=en®ion=TW |
| Dpn I | New England Biolabs | R0176S | https://www.neb.com/products/r0176-dpni |
| Xho I | New England Biolabs | R0146S | https://www.neb.com/products/r0146-xhoi |
| E. coli DH5α | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc | 18265-017 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/18265017 |
| Name | Company | Product Number | Comments |
| Equipment | |||
| U-2800 double beam UV/VIS spectrophotometer | Hitachi | N/A | out of market and upgraded to a new model http://hitachi-hta.com/products/life-sciences-chemical-analysis/uvvisible-spectrophotometers |
| EmulsiFlex-C3 high pressure homogenizer | Avestin Inc | C315320 | http://www.avestin.com/English/c3page.html |
| Hitachi Koki himac CP80WX general ultracentrifuge | Hitachi Koki Co | 90106401 | for separation of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions from E. coli lysates http://centrifuges.hitachi-koki.com/products/ultra/cp_wx/cp_wx.html |
| ÄKTA FPLC | GE Healthcare Life Sciences | 18-1900-26 | for gel filtration chromatography http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/18190026 |
| Aviv model 62ADS CD spectrophotometer | Aviv Biomedical | N/A | out of market and upgraded to a new model http://www.avivbiomedical.com/circular.php |
| LAS-3000 imaging system | Fujifilm | N/A | discontinued and replaced http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/28955810 |
| Wallac 1420 (Victor2) multilabel counter | Perkin-Elmer | 1420-018 | for chemiluminescence detection http://www.perkinelmer.com/catalog/product/id/1420-018 |
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chapter 3, Infectious diseases related to travel. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2016. Brunette, G. W., et al. , Oxford University Press. (2015).
- Bauer, B., Meyer, T. F. The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori its association with gastric cancer....
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