Method Article

Fabricage van klein kaliber Stent-enten met behulp van Electrospinning en Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents

DOI:

10.3791/54731

October 26th, 2016

In This Article

Summary

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In the protocol, we present a method to manufacture a small caliber stent-graft by sandwiching a balloon expandable stent between two electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane layers.

Abstract

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Stent-grafts are widely used for the treatment of various conditions such as aortic lesions, aneurysms, emboli due to coronary intervention procedures and perforations in vasculature. Such stent-grafts are manufactured by covering a stent with a polymer membrane. An ideal stent-graft should have a biocompatible stent covered by a porous, thromboresistant, and biocompatible polymer membrane which mimics the extracellular matrix thereby promoting injury site healing. The goal of this protocol is to manufacture a small caliber stent-graft by encapsulating a balloon expandable stent within two layers of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers. Electrospinning of polyurethane has been shown to assist in healing by mimicking native extracellular matrix, thereby promoting endothelialization. Electrospinning polyurethane nanofibers on a slowly rotating mandrel enabled us to precisely control the thickness of the nanofibrous membrane, which is essential to achieve a small caliber balloon expandable stent-graft. Mechanical validation by crimping and expansion of the stent-graft has shown that the nanofibrous polyurethane membrane is sufficiently flexible to crimp and expand while staying patent without showing any signs of tearing or delamination. Furthermore, stent-grafts fabricated using the methods described here are capable of being implanted using a coronary intervention procedure using standard size guide catheters.

Introduction

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Coronaire interventie procedures leiden tot significante vaatwand letsel als gevolg van verstoring van de plaque en vaatwand. Dit leidt tot restenose, perifere embolie bij vaatprothesen en discontinuïteit van coronaire lumen 1-4. Om deze complicaties te vermijden, wordt een veelbelovende strategie voor het vasculaire oppervlak in de angioplastie, die mogelijk restenose zal remmen, verminderen risico van discontinuïteit van vatlumen en voorkomen perifere embolie dekken. Eerdere studies hebben kale metalen stents ten opzichte van stent-grafts met positieve resultaten voor stent-grafts 5. Onderzoekers hebben diverse materialen gebruikt om membranen....

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Protocol

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1. Electrospinning polyurethaan op doorn Collector

  1. Bereid doorn elektrospinnen
    1. Smelt ongeveer 8 ml van biocompatibel, food-grade, water oplosbaar dragermateriaal in een cilinder (ongeveer 9 mm diameter en 110 mm diep) bij 155 ° C met behulp van een oven.
    2. Dompel een 3 mm diameter en 100 mm lange roestvrijstalen doorn een bekleding van dragermateriaal te verkrijgen over het oppervlak van de doorn. Vóór dompelen, plaatst de doorns in de oven op 155 ° C gedurende ongeveer 15 minuten om de temperatuur van het doornoppervlak die helpt bij het bevochtigen van het oppervlak met het gesmolten dragermateriaal verhogen.
    3. L....

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Results

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Onze electrospinner opstelling (figuur 1) heeft geleid tot hoge kwaliteit polyurethaan nanovezels (figuur 2). Een stent-transplantaat wordt vervaardigd door elektrospinnen een binnenlaag van polyurethaan op een doorn te slippen een kale metalen stent op deze laag en elektrospinnen een tweede buitenlaag van polyurethaan (figuur 3). Polyurethaan nanovezels worden electrospun met een snelheid van 50 pm / uur, waardoor een binnenste laag van 100 pm en een buitenste la.......

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Discussion

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We have developed a fabrication technique for a small caliber stent-graft which can be deployed using a standard percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. Stent-grafts currently available are limited in their ability to maintain a low profile and flexibility for deployment. Bare metal stents developed by our group in our previous studies have proven to assist in rapid healing of the stented artery24,26. Various polymers have been electrospun by other groups and polyurethane has been proven biostable .......

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Disclosures

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De auteurs verklaren dat ze geen concurrerende financiële belangen.

Acknowledgements

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We would like to thank the Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic for their technical support. This study was financially supported by European Regional Development Fund - FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.100/02.0123), National Institutes of Health (T32 HL007111), American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (AHA #06-35185N), and The Grainger Innovation Fund - Grainger Foundation.

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Materials

List of materials used in this article
NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Glass syringeAir Tite7.140-33Syringe for spinneret
Graduated cylinder 5 mlFisher Scientific08-552-4G5 ml pyrex graduated cylinder about 9 mm diameter and 11 cm long
High voltage generatorBertan Accociates, Inc.205A-30PUsed to apply voltage difference across spinneret and collector
Laboratory mixer with rpm controlScilogexSCI-84010201Available from various laboratory equipment suppliers
PolyurethaneDSMBioSpan SPUBiospan Segmented Polyurethane
Rubber sheetMcMaster Carr1370N11Used to insulate syringe during electrospinning
Stainless steel mandrelN/AN/AManufactured 
Stainless steel needleHamilton91018Used as spinneret in electrospinning
Support materialEnvisionTecB04-HT-DEMOMATBiocompatible water soluble material
Syringe PumpHarvard Apparatus55-3333

References

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  1. Elsner, M., et al. Coronary stent grafts covered by a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Am. J. Cardiol. 84 (3), 335-338 (1999).
  2. Störger, H., Haase, J. Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stents: Indications, Advantages, and Limitations. J. Int....

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Tags

Stent graft FabricationElectrospinning PolyurethaneBalloon Expandable StentSmall Caliber StentNanofiber MembraneMechanical ValidationCrimping ExpansionPolymer NanofibersElectrospinning SetupStent Implantation

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