Pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were carried out to observe the effects of hybrid wettable patterns on the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The parameters of investigation are the number of interlines and the pattern orientation of the modified wettable surface.
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Method Article
Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
* These authors contributed equally
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
In this study, pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern. Hybrid wettable patterns were produced by coating superhydrophilic SiO2 on a masked, hydrophobic, cylindrical copper surface. Using de-ionized (DI) water as the working fluid, pool-boiling heat-transfer studies were conducted on the different surface-treated copper cylinders of a 25-mm diameter and a 40-mm length. The experimental results showed that the number of interlines and the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern influenced the wall superheat and the HTC. By increasing the number of interlines, the HTC was enhanced when compared to the plain surface. Images obtained from the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera indicated that more bubbles formed on the interlines as compared to other parts. The hybrid wettable pattern with the lowermost section being hydrophobic gave the best heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The experimental results indicated that the bubble dynamics of the surface is an important factor that determines the nucleate boiling.
Introduction
A high heat flux-sustaining system providing cooling in the range of 10-105 W/cm2 is required in the emerging fields of electronics, defense, avionics, and nuclear device development. Conventional cooling with air is insufficient for these applications due to the low heat-transfer coefficient (HTC) for both free- and forced-convection conditions. The phase change-based cooling techniques, such as pool boiling and flow boiling, are good enough to remove high heat fluxes on the order of 10 - 1,000 W/cm2 1. Since the two-phase heat-transfer process is isothermal, the cooled device temperature is almost constant ove....
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Protocol
1. Preparation of the Modified Surfaces
- Manually polish the test piece (hollow copper cylinder with a 40-mm length (l), a 25-mm outer diameter (do), and an 18-mm inner diameter (di)) for 15 min using a ＃2,000 emery paper. Clean the polished surface by rinsing it with acetone followed by DI water.
- Place the polished test piece in an oven for 2 h at a constant temperature of 120 °C.
- Prepare a superhydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticle solution using the following steps.
- Prepare solution A by mixing 1:4 molar ratios of tetraethoxy silane and DI water. Add 2 drops of 37% concen....
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Results
Pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were conducted on a hybrid wettable cylindrical surface using the experimental setup whose schematic is shown in Figure 5. The pool-boiling experimental procedure explained in step 2 of the protocol section was successfully carried out while investigating the effect of the number of interlines and of the orientation of the hybrid wettable pattern on the pool-boiling performance. The pool-boiling performances of the different-treated .......
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Discussion
The main goal of this investigation was to develop a pool-boiling heat sink for high heat dissipation applications, such as nuclear reactors, boilers, and heat pipes, by introducing the hybrid wettable surface, as described in the protocol section. These surfaces can produce better pool-boiling performances than homogeneous wettable surfaces (hydrophilic and hydrophobic). The improvement in the boiling heat-transfer performance is due to an increase in active nucleation sites and the easy detachment of the formed bubbles.......
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Disclosures
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST (project numbers: MOST 104-2218-E-002 -004, MOST 105-2218-E-002-019, MOST 105-2221-E-002 -107 -MY3, MOST 102-2221-E-002 -133 -MY3, and MOST 102-2221-E-002 -088 -MY3).
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deionized water | |||
| Silica nanopowder,40 nm | UniRegion Bio-Tech | 60676860 | |
| Ethanol | ECHO Chemical co. Ltd | 64175 | |
| Hydrochloric acid | SHOWA Chemical co. Ltd. | 7647010 | |
| Tetraethoxysilane | SHOWA Chemical co. Ltd. | 78104 | |
| Acetone | UNI-ONWARD CORP. | 67641 | |
| Cartridge Heater | Chung Shun Heater & Instrument Co, Ltd. | ||
| Pyrex glass | Automotive Glass service , Taiwan | ||
| Ordinary toughened glass | Automotive Glass service , Taiwan | ||
| Thermal paste | Electrolube | EG-30 | |
| Insulation Tape | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | Kapton Tape | |
| Sandpaper | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | #2000 | |
| Heating furnace | Chung Chuan | Hong Sen HS-101 | |
| Electronic scales | A&D co. Ltd | GX400 | |
| Ultrasonic cleaner | Bransonic | Bransonic 3510 | |
| Magnet stirrer | Yellow line | MST D S1 | |
| Data logger | Yokogawa | MX-100 | |
| CCD camera | JVC | LY35862-001A | |
| Silicon paste | Permatex | 599BR | |
| Power supply | Gwinstek | GPR-20H50D | |
| Teflon tape | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | CS170000 | |
| Contact Angle Goniometer | Sindatek | Model 100SB | |
| Auxiliary Heater | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | ||
| T- type thermocouples | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | ||
| Reflux Condenser | Chuan Chi Trading Co. Ltd | ||
| Fiber glass | Professional Plastics, Taiwan |
References
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- Phan, H. T., Caney, N., Marty, P., Colasson, S., Gavillet, J. Surface wettability control by nanocoating: The effect on pool boiling heat transfer and nucleation mechanism. Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer. 52, 5459-5471 (2009).
- Barber, J., Brutin, D., Tadrist, L.
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