We standardized an abdominal adipose tissue biopsy using a non-diathermy method performed under local anesthesia. Three cases of excessive post-operation bleeding out of 115 operations (2.61%) occurred.We conclude that an abdominal adipose tissue surgical biopsy using a non-diathermy method can be safely applied to healthy men.
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Method Article
A Technique for Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Biopsy via a Non-diathermy Method
* These authors contributed equally
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
Adipose tissue biopsies offer tissue samples that, upon analysis, may provide insightful overviews of mechanisms relating to metabolism and disease. To obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies in the abdominal area, researchers and physicians use either a surgical or a needle-based technique. However, surgical subcutaneous fat biopsies can offer tissue samples that may provide a more comprehensive overview of the complexities of biological indices in white adipose tissue. Usually, a surgical adipose tissue biopsy includes a diathermy treatment for cauterizing blood vessels to prevent excessive bleeding. Nevertheless, side effects, such as flash fires and skin lesions in the tissue, have been reported after diathermy. Therefore, we aimed to standardize a surgical abdominal adipose tissue biopsy performed under local anesthesia using a non-diathermy method. We conducted 115 subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies in healthy men using a non-diathermy abdominal surgical biopsy method. Our results showed three cases of excessive post-operation bleeding out of 115 operations (2.61%).In conclusion, our standardized subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue surgical biopsy using a non-diathermy method can be safely applied to healthy men at the bedside, with minimal side effects.
Introduction
Adipose tissue biopsies offer tissue samples that, upon analysis, may provide an insightful overview of mechanisms relating to metabolism and disease. For instance, they are used for breast cancer tumor identification1, fatty acid composition examination2, and research on important metabolic and hormonal disease pathways3. To obtain subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies in the abdominal area, researchers and physicians use either a surgical or a needle-based technique. However, surgical subcutaneous fat biopsies can offer tissue samples that may provide a more comprehensive overview of complex biol....
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Protocol
The study conformed to the standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Thessaly, Department of Exercise Science, Βiοethics Committee.
1. Preparation of the Surgery Equipment and Consumables
- Position a disinfected surgical field on a 4-wheel surgical Mayo stand.
- Position the following consumables and surgical equipment on a 4-wheel surgical Mayo stand:
One pair of straight operating scissors (15 cm)
One scalpel (No. 11)
One scalpel handle
One pair of curved scissors (14 cm)
One mosquito forceps
One pair of Kocher tweezers
O....
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Results
The characteristics of the participants are provided in Table 1. The stitches in the area of the incision fell off within the next 8-12 days. We completed a total of 115 subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies using the non-diathermy abdominal surgical biopsy method in healthy adult men (age: 35.2 ± 6.9 years; body mass index: 27.3 ± 4.4; and body fat percentage: 27.0 ± 9.0%). Post-biopsy excessive bleeding was observed in three cases (prevalence: 2.61%) two days after the s.......
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Discussion
The aim of this study was to standardize a surgical technique for subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsy, performed under local anesthesia with a non-diathermy method in healthy men. Diathermy is commonly used in the operating room; however, possible side effects (i.e., flash fires and environmental toxicity)9 and delays in healing10 may occur. These unwanted effects of diathermy can generate health risks for both the operating staff and the patients/particip.......
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Disclosures
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
Acknowledgements
This work received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 (grant agreement no. 645710) and 7th Framework (grant agreements no. 612547 and 319010) Programmes. The authors wish to thank Dr. Fotini Sourli-Chasioti for the assistance with the biopsy procedure. The authors also thank Mr. Yiorgos Paterakis for his valuable help in the preparation of the video.
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disinfected surgical field | Hartmann | 23516-00 | |
| Stainless Steel Instrument Stands (surgical Mayo) | Medical Device Depot Inc. | 32000 | |
| Operating Scissors straight 15 cm | Karl Storz | 791903 | |
| Scalpel No 11 | Swann-Morton | 203 | Bipolar, catalog number 429011 |
| Scarpel handle No 3 | Karl Storz | 488090 | |
| Scissors curved 14 cm | Karl Storz | 511514, 752918 | |
| Mosquito forceps | Karl Storz | 535012 | |
| Tweezers Kocher | Karl Storz | 530416 | Bipolar, catalog number 830316 |
| Surgical tweezers | Karl Storz | 793216 | Bipolar, catalog number 831016 |
| Povidone-iodine | Various | Not applicable | |
| Suture 4.0 Vicryl | Johnsons | V4970H | |
| Scissors straight 11 cm | Karl Storz | 512511 DS | |
| Needle holder 15 cm | Karl Storz | 515515 | Bipolar, catalog number 213015 |
| Sterile gauzes | Hartmann | 3021 | |
| Αdhesive sterile gauze | Digas medical equipment | 2889 | |
| 10 mL syringe with disinfected needle | Alpha medical solutions | 10310-55-0010 | |
| 2%-xylocaine (no adrenaline) | Various | Not applicable | |
| Sterile surgical gloves | Sempermed | 10001 | |
| Eppendorf tubes | Kartell | 16283 | |
| 10% formalin | Alpha medical solutions | 11016-30-2909 | |
| Tubes 120 mL | Digas medical equipment | 9025 | |
| Liquid nitrogen at -190°C | Revival | Not applicable |
References
- Bruening, W., et al. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of core-needle and open surgical biopsy to diagnose breast lesions. Ann Intern Med. 152, 238-246 (2010).
- Beynen, A. C., Katan, M. B. Rapid sampling and long-term storage of subcutaneous adipose-tissue biopsies for determination of fatty acid composition. Am J Clin Nu....
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