Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

Summary

The MDS diagnosis is difficult in the absence of morphological criteria or non-informative cytogenetics. MFC could help refine the MDS diagnostic process. To become useful for clinical practice, the MFC analysis must be based on parameters with sufficient specificity and sensitivity, and data should be reproducible between different operators.

Abstract

A working group initiated within the French Cytometry Association (AFC) was developed in order to harmonize the application of multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) for myeloid disease diagnosis in France. The protocol presented here was agreed-upon and applied between September 2013 and November 2015 in six French diagnostic laboratories (University Hospitals of Saint-Etienne, Grenoble, Clermont-Ferrand, Nice, and Lille and Institut Paoli-Calmettes in Marseille) and allowed the standardization of bone marrow sample preparation and data acquisition. Three maturation databases were developed for neutrophil, monocytic, and erythroid lineages with bone marrow from "healthy" donor individuals (individuals without any evidence of a hematopoietic disease). A robust method of analysis for each myeloid lineage should be applicable for routine diagnostic use. New cases can be analyzed in the same manner and compared against the usual databases. Thus, quantitative and qualitative phenotypic abnormalities can be identified and those above 2SD compared with data of normal bone marrow samples should be considered indicative of pathology. The major limitation is the higher variability between the data achieved using the monoclonal antibodies obtained with the methods based on hybridoma technologies and currently used in clinical diagnosis. Setting criteria for technical validation of the data acquired may help improve the utility of MFC for MDS diagnostics. The establishment of these criteria requires analysis against a database. The reduction of investigator subjectivity in data analysis is an important advantage of this method.

Introduction

In the absence of phenotypic markers specific to the dysplastic changes occurring in myeloid cells during MDS initiation and progression, a new approach has been proposed in recent years based on the evaluation of the maturation pathways (altered expression of myeloid antigens during the production of mature myeloid cells) or of the abnormal distribution of different cell types within bone marrow (BM) cell compartments^1,2.

This article presents a new method for standardized application of MFC in order to detect dysplastic changes in BM myeloid cell compartments related to myelodyspl....

Protocol

The protocol listed below has been approved by the "Comité de Protection des Personnes" (Independant Ethics Committee) Sud-Est 1 from University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.

1. Cytometer Settings

NOTE: The cytometer settings were performed according to France Flow recommendations, in accordance with EuroFlow Procedure "EuroFlow Standard Operating Protocol (SOP) for Instrument Setup and Compensation (https://www.euroflow.org/usr/pub/protocols.php).

1. Monthly instrument setup
   1. Turn on the cytometer. Ensure that all fluid levels are appropriate and open Di....

Results

The 54 BM samples harvested in K-EDTA anticoagulant were included in the study. The MFC data were analyzed in the absence of any information about the patients. Retrospective study showed that the BM samples were from 7 healthy donors (5 males and 2 females with a median age of 47.4 [35-48], 11 individuals with no evidence of a hematopoietic disease (8 males and 3 females with a median age of 57.9 [35-72]) and 36 cases with various pathological conditions: 1 case with anemia and low creat.......

Discussion

The quality of BM aspirate could impact on the final results. The hemodilution of the BM aspirate could distort the distribution of cells in different stages of maturation due to the absence of progenitors or precursors cells. Probably employing a bulk lysing method may help in normalization of BM aspirates for hemodilution in flow cytometric analyses. In addition, the critical steps for the evaluation of BM myeloid dysplasia by flow-cytometry are the sample processing and staining, data acquisition, and interpretation

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
BD FACSCanto II flow-cytometer	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	SN: V33896301336	3-laser, 4-2-2 configuration, Filters and mirrors details: https://www.bdbiosciences.com/documents/BD_FACSCanto_II_FilterGuide.pdf
Awel C48-R Centrifuge	AWEL Industries, FR	SN: 910120016; Model No: 320002001	low speed centrifuges; capacity 60 FACS tubes
Pipetts of 10µL and 200µL
Pasteur pipettes
15 mL Falcon tubes
polypropylene tube for FACS
Mouse Anti-Human HLA-DR	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	655874	clone L243 Mouse BALB/c IgG2a, κ Fluorochrome Horizon V450 (Ex max 404 nm/ Em max 448 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD45	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	560777	clone HI30 Mouse IgG1, κ Fluorochrome Horizon V500 (Ex max 415 nm/ Em max 500 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD16	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	656146	clone CLB/fcGran1 Mouse BALB/c IgG2a, κ Fluorochrome FITC (Ex max 494 nm/ Em max 520 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD13	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	347406	clone L138 Mouse BALB/c X C57BL/6 IgG1, κ Fluorochrome PE (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 578 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD34	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	347222	clone 8G12 Mouse BALB/c IgG1, κ Fluorochrome PerCP-Cy5.5 (Ex max 482 nm/ Em max 678 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD117	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	339217	clone 104D2 Mouse BALB/c IgG1 Fluorochrome PE-Cy7 (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 785 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD11b	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	333143	clone D12 Mouse BALB/c IgG2a, κ D12, Fluorochrome APC (Ex max 650 nm/ Em max 660nm
Mouse Anti-Human CD10	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	646783	clone HI10A Mouse BALB/c IgG1, κ Fluorochrome APC-H7 (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 785nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD35	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	555452	clone E11 Mouse IgG1, κ Fluorochrome FITC (Ex max 494 nm/ Em max 520 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD64	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	644385	clone 10.1 Mouse BALB/c IgG1, κ Fluorochrome PE (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 578 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD300e	Immunostep	IREM2A-T100	clone UP-H2 Mouse BALB/c IgG1, k Fluorochrome APC (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 578 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD14	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	641394	clone MoP9 Mouse BALB/c IgG2b, κ Fluorochrome APC-H7 (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 785nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD36	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	656151	clone CLB-IVC7 Mouse IgG1, κ Fluorochrome FITC (Ex max 494 nm/ Em max 520 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD105	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	560839	clone 266 Mouse BALB/c IgG1, κ Fluorochrome PE (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 578 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD33		345800	clone P67.6 Mouse BALB/c IgG1, κ Fluorochrome APC (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 578 nm)
Mouse Anti-Human CD71	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	655408	clone M-A712 Mouse BALB/c IgG2a, κ Fluorochrome APC-H7 (Ex max 496 nm/ Em max 785nm)
Lysing Solution 10x Concentrate (IVD)	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	349202
FACSFlow Sheath Fluid	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	342003
FACSDiva CS&T IVD beads	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	656046
RAINBOW CALIBRATION PARTICLES, 8 PEAKS	Cytognos, Salamanca, Spain	SPH-RCP-30-5A	lots EAB01, EAC01, EAD05, EAE01, EAF01, EAG01, EAH01, EAI01, EAJ01, EAK01
Compensation Particles Multicolor CompBeads(CE/IVD)	BD Biosciences, CA, USA	ref. #51-90-9001229 + #51-90-9001291
Diva software versions 6.1.2 and 6.1.3	BD Biosciences, CA, USA
Phosphate buffered saline tablets	R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA	5564
Bovine serum albumin (BSA)	Sigma-Aldrich, France	A9647
Sodium azide 99%	Sigma-Aldrich, France	199931
Infinicyt software version 1.8.0.e	Cytognos, Salamanca, Spain