Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

Summary

This article reports fabrication, structure and pressure measurement of compressed hosiery by employing direct and indirect methods.

Abstract

This article reports the pressure characteristic measurement of compressed hosiery via direct and indirect methods. In the direct method, an interface sensor is used to measure the pressure value exerted on the lower limbs. In the indirect method, the necessary parameters mentioned by the cone and cylinder model are tested to calculate the pressure value. The necessary parameters involve course density, wales density, circumference, length, thickness, tension, and deformation of the compressed hosiery. Compared with the results of the direct method, the cone model in the indirect method is more suitable for calculating the pressure value because the cone model considers the change in radius of the lower limb from the knee to the ankle. Based on this measurement, the relationship among fabrication, structure, and pressure is further investigated in this study. We find that graduation is the main influence that can change the wales density. On the other hand, elastic motors directly affect the course density and the circumference of the stockings. Our reported work provides the fabrication-structure-pressure relationship and a design guide for gradually compressed hosiery.

Introduction

Compressed hosiery (CH) provides pressure on the lower limb. It can press the skin and further change the vein radius. Thus, the venous blood flow velocity is raised when the patient is dressed in compressed hosiery. CH and other compressed garments could improve venous circulation in the lower limbs^1,2,3,4. The therapeutic performance was dependent on the pressure characteristics of the CH⁵. It was widely believed that raw material and CH structure have a great influence on CH pressure characteristics. Elastane yarn ....

Protocol

1. Fabrication of CH

1. Programming
   1. Open the STAT-Ds 615 MP stocking software and select Plain fabric to create a new sock construction.
   2. Select the following contents in order: Double welt 1 feed, Transfer without pattern, Plain medical leg from double welt 1 feed, Begin heel from plain medical leg, End of heel and plain medical foot, Begin toe from plain foot 1f, Plain toe with rosso and clip, Sock release without turning device, and End of sock. Press OK

Results

Course density gradually increases from the knee to the ankle in Figure 2a. This is explained by the influence of the elastic motor. From the knee to the ankle, the increased elastic motor gradually generates increasing tension from part 5 to part 1 in the CH fabrication process. Thus, the CH sample is gradually frapped and the loop number per cm is increased in the course direction. The experimental lines in Figure 2b can be divided into three groups: ABC, DEF,.......

Discussion

In this study, we provide two methods to measure the exerted pressure of CH samples and these methods can be used to measure the exerted pressure of other garment dressing on the skin. In the direct method, the CH sample is dressed on the artificial lower limb and the interface sensor is placed under the CH sample. The pressure value can be displayed on the screen using data collection software. To compare with the direct method, we also supply an indirect method. Two theories involving the cylinder model and the cone mo.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Artificial lower limb	Dayuan, Laizhou Electron Instrument Co., Ltd.	YG065C	Used for measuring the strength of stockings. The employing test standard is ISO 13934-1-2013, metioned this in section 3.3
CH fabrication machine	Hongda, Co., Ltd.	YG14N	Used for measuring the thickness of stockings, the test standard is ISO 5084:1996, metioned this in section 3.2
Elastane yarn	MathWorks, Co., Ltd.	2018a	Used for calculating the pressure, mentioned this in section 4.
FlexiForce interface pressure sensors	Qile, Co., Ltd.	Y115B	It is composed of magnifying glass with a fixed ruler. Used for counting the loops number per cm in the fabricated CH, metioned this in the sction 3.1.3 and 3.1.7.
FlexiForce measurement software	Santoni, Co., Ltd.	GOAL 615MP	Used for fabricating stockings, metioned this in section 1.2
Ground yarn	Santoni, Co., Ltd.		It is a kind of coverd yarn which is composed of 80% rubber and 20% viscose, metioned this in section 1.2.1
Matlab software	Santoni, Co., Ltd.		It is a kind of coverd yarn which is composed of 30% polyamide and 70% cotton, metioned this in section 1.2.1
Mechanical testing instrument and software	Santoni, Co., Ltd.	GOAL 615MP	Used for programing the fabrication parameters, metioned this in section.1.1
Pick glass	Shenmei, Inc.	F002	A standard artificial femal with 160 cm height. The size was consited with Chinese Standard GB 10000-1988. The artificial femal was made by glass-reinforced plywood and covered by fabric. Mentioned this in section 2.1.
STAT-Ds 615 MP stocking software	Tekscan, Inc.	A201	Used for measuring the pressure on the skin, metioned this in section 2.2.1
Thickness gauge	Weike, Co., Ltd.	1lbs	Used for recording the pressure, metioned this in section 2.2.2-2.2.4.