Efficient Dissection and Culture of Primary Mouse Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Summary

This protocol, which was originally reported by Fernandez-Godino et al. in 2016¹, describes a method to efficiently isolate and culture mouse RPE cells, which form a functional and polarized RPE monolayer within one week on Transwell plates. The procedure takes approximately 3 hours.

Abstract

Eye disorders affect millions of people worldwide, but the limited availability of human tissues hinders their study. Mouse models are powerful tools to understand the pathophysiology of ocular diseases because of their similarities with human anatomy and physiology. Alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), including changes in morphology and function, are common features shared by many ocular disorders. However, successful isolation and culture of primary mouse RPE cells is very challenging. This paper is an updated audiovisual version of the protocol previously published by Fernandez-Godino et al. in 2016 to efficiently isolate and culture primary mouse RPE cells. This method is highly reproducible and results in robust cultures of highly polarized and pigmented RPE monolayers that can be maintained for several weeks on Transwells. This model opens new avenues for the study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying eye diseases. Moreover, it provides a platform to test therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat important eye diseases with unmet medical needs, including inherited retinal disorders and macular degenerations.

Introduction

This protocol, which was originally reported by Fernandez-Godino et al. in 2016¹, describes a method to efficiently isolate and culture mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, which form a functional and polarized RPE monolayer within one week on Transwell plates. The RPE is a monolayer located in the eye between the neural retina and the Bruch's membrane. This single layer consists of highly polarized and pigmented epithelial cells joined by tight junctions, exhibiting a hexagonal shape that resembles a honeycomb². Despite this apparent histological simplicity, the RPE performs a wide variety of func....

Protocol

The guidelines of the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research were followed.

NOTE: This method has been proven successful with mice of different genetic backgrounds, including C57BL/6J, B10.D2-Hc^o H2^d H2-T18^c/oSnJ, and albino mice, at various ages. Preferably use 8 to 12-week-old mice to obtain RPE cells. RPE cells from older mice proliferate less in culture and younger mice have fewer and smaller cells, which requires pooling eyes from different animals to have viable cultures.

1. Preparation of reagents and the membrane inserts

1. Prepare....

Results

This protocol has been used to isolate and culture RPE cells from genetically modified mice¹. No differences have been observed between mouse strains or gender. The results have helped to understand some important aspects of the mechanism underlying ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, which is the most common cause of vision loss among the elderly⁹. RPE cells isolated following this protocol were completely attached to the membrane insert 24 hours afte.......

Discussion

While several methods for mouse RPE cell isolation and culture had been developed before^{1,13,20,22,26,27}, Fernandez-Godino's method first used membrane inserts allowing the efficient growth of the RPE cells in culture for weeks^1,9. Another major change in their pr.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
10 ml BD Luer-Lok tip syringe, disposable	BD Biosciences	309604
15 ml centrifuge tube	VWR International	21008-103
50 ml centrifuge tube	VWR International	21008-951
Alpha Minimum Essential Medium	Sigma-Aldrich	M4526-500ML
Angled micro forceps	WPI	501727
Bench-top centrifuge	any
CO2 incubator	Thermo	HERA VIOS 160I CO2 SST TC 120V
Dissecting microscope	Any
Dulbecco’s Phospate Buffered Saline no Calcium, no Magnesium	Gibco	14190144
Dumont #5 45° Medical Biology tweezers, 0.05 x 0.01 mm tip, 11 cm length	WPI	14101
Ethanol	Sigma-Aldrich	E7023-500ML
Falcon Easy-Grip Clear Polystyrene Cell Culture Dish, 35mm	BD Biosciences	353001
Fetal Bovine Serum	Hyclone	SH30071.03	Heat inactivated.
Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution plus Calcium and Magnesium, no Phenol Red	Life Technologies	14175095
Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution plus Calcium and Magnesium, no Phenol Red B6	Life Technologies	14025092
HEPES 1M	Gibco	15630106
Hyaluronidase	Sigma-Aldrich	H-3506 1G
Hydrocortisone	Sigma-Aldrich	H-0396
Laminar flow hood	Thermo	CLASS II A2 4 115V PACKAGECLA
Laminin 1mg/ml	Sigma-Aldrich	L2020-1 MG	Dilute in PBS at 37C to 1mg/ml
McPherson-Vannas Micro Scissors 8 cm long	WPI	503216
Non-essential amino acids 100X	Gibco	11140050
N1 Supplement 100X	Sigma-Aldrich	N6530-5ML
Penicillin-Streptomycin	Gibco	15140-148
Sterile Bard-Parker Carbon steel surgical blade size 11	Fisher-Scientific	08-914B
Taurine	Sigma-Aldrich	T-0625
Tissue culture treated 12-well plates	Fisher-Scientific	08-772-29
Tissue culture treated 6-well plates	Fisher-Scientific	14-832-11
Transwell supports 6.5 mm	Sigma-Aldrich	CLS3470-48EA
Triiodo-thyronin	Sigma-Aldrich	T-5516
Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), phenol red	Gibco	25200056
Tweezer, Dumont #5 Medical Biology 11 cm, curved, stainless steel 0.02 x 0.06 mm Mod tips	WPI	500232
Vannas Scissors 8cm long, stainless steel	WPI	501790
Whatman Puradisc 25mm Syringe Filters 0.45μm pore size	Fisher-Scientific	6780-2504