Since elevated levels of oxidized RNA was originally reported in vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer disease in 1999, several diseases and pathological conditions have been found to be associated with RNA oxidation. RNA oxidation research has been directed towards understanding the potential mechanisms mediated by oxidized RNA. To date, oxidation of RNA has been assessed mainly based on the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine. In addition, generation of a variety of oxidative derivatives was expected since ROS do not attack specifically; for instance, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine, 5-guanidinohydantoin, 4-pyrimidinone ribofuranoside, and the abasic site have been identified using several different methods. Furthermore, techniques to synthesize these oxidative derivatives and incorporate them into RNA molecules at specific sites has recently been developed and are now available in general laboratory settings. From a pathogenic point of view, the effects of RNA oxidation on translational activity have been investigated, from the biochemical to the cellular level through various assays. Not limited to protein synthesis, any RNA-mediated assay can reveal the biological effects of RNA oxidation. This topic aims to collect the current methods and technologies associated with RNA oxidation study from measurement and synthesis to functional assays.