Microglia are specialized immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are the primary inflammatory cell type in the brain and are considered a key participant in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Modulating microglial activation has the potential to significantly impact the progression of these diseases by altering systemic inflammatory processes. Specifically, manipulating microglia's anti-inflammatory properties may provide a novel therapeutic avenue for these conditions.

This Methods Collection aims to provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying microglial activation and their anti-inflammatory properties. It focuses on unraveling the role of the anti-inflammatory population of microglia in inflammatory-based brain diseases. This collection uses audio-visual format methods to explore various aspects of microglial activation, including signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating their responses. The methods employed include immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, in vivo models and in vitro assays, and other molecular techniques. These methods aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of microglia in maintaining CNS homeostasis.