RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biological response where double-stranded RNA binds to the mRNA coding for a protein, turning off its translation. It is a natural response that mediates resistance to endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.

Before RNAi was discovered, insect research was limited to a few model species, such as Drosophila melanogaster and Tribolium castaneum. After its discovery, loss-of-function experiments became feasible in a range of insect species, including honeybees, mosquitoes, and moths. Currently, RNAi protocols are available for a large number of insect models, which has significantly expanded our understanding of insects. RNA interference is now widely used in the field of insect pest control. This Methods Collection aims to showcase protocols related to RNAi in insects, including its applications.