Non-invasive neurophysiology has become central to understanding human brain and nervous system function, enabling researchers and clinicians to investigate neural activity, connectivity, cognition, behavior, and sensorimotor processes without surgical intervention. Rapid advances in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, neuromodulation, neurostimulation, and computational approaches are expanding applications across basic neuroscience, neurological and psychiatric disorders, rehabilitation, brain–computer interfaces, and personalized medicine.

Despite substantial progress, the field faces challenges including variability in signal quality and experimental protocols, limited spatial or temporal resolution of individual techniques, inter-individual differences, reproducibility and standardization issues, multimodal data integration, interpretation of neural biomarkers, and translation of laboratory findings into reliable clinical and real-world applications.

This Collection aims to provide a comprehensive platform for advances in non-invasive neurophysiology, encompassing fundamental investigations, technological and analytical innovations, experimental and clinical applications, translational research, and interdisciplinary approaches. Contributions may address basic and preclinical research as well as clinical and patient-oriented studies, covering diverse questions related to neural function, behavior, cognition, disease mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and real-world applications.

The collection will welcome methods articles, original research articles, case reports, rapid reports, and review articles, providing a broad perspective on current developments, emerging applications, and future directions across the field.

By bringing together methodological advances, fundamental discoveries, clinical evidence, and emerging perspectives, the collection will facilitate knowledge exchange, encourage reproducible and interdisciplinary research, and support the translation of non-invasive neurophysiology from experimental settings into practical scientific and clinical solutions.