Natural products derived from biodiversity-rich ecosystems represent a vast and largely unexplored reservoir of bioactive compounds, offering immense potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents and innovative solutions to pressing environmental challenges. These compounds, often evolved as defense mechanisms in plants, fungi, and microorganisms, hold promise not only for treating infectious and chronic diseases but also for applications such as bioremediation, natural pesticides, and environmentally friendly materials.

However, the inherent complexity of natural matrices and the diversity of chemical constituents present significant challenges to their systematic exploration. Advanced analytical tools and integrative approaches are essential to unlock this potential. This Collection aims to highlight cutting-edge methodologies that combine omics technologies—such as metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics—with bioinformatics and analytical chemistry to accelerate the discovery, characterization, and functional validation of natural products.

By presenting standardized protocols, innovative workflows, and original research, this collection will serve as a practical and accessible resource for researchers working at the intersection of natural product chemistry, biomedical sciences, and environmental biotechnology. It will promote reproducibility, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources, supporting both human health and ecological resilience.