The ear is a complex part of the body responsible of hearing, transforming the sound waves from the air into bioelectrical stimuli in the brain. Due to its localization in the middle of the temporal bone, its small size, the complexity of its anatomy and physiological function, its surgical treatment is especially challenging. Chronic middle ear diseases are frequent and have a major impact on patients’ quality of life, especially through chronic ear discharge and hearing loss. Surgical treatment is an effective method to treat affected ears and to restore the anatomical integrity and physiological function of the middle ear.

In recent decades, the surgical treatment of middle ear and lateral skull base pathologies has undergone several technical refinements, since the introduction of the operating microscope in the 1950’s. The most recent technical advancement was the development and introduction of endoscopes as an adjunct or exclusive tool in otologic and neurotologic surgery. Several techniques, combinations, and refinements are described in the literature and practiced internationally. However, every surgical technique has its inherent advantages, limitations, and challenges. The choice of the appropriate technique for each and every case is sometimes challenging, but relevant to the outcome and the well-being of our patients.

This Collection of surgical procedures around the middle ear and the lateral skull base aims to give a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of available surgical techniques. Technical requirements, procedural particularities, and indications regarding the most relevant procedures will be described by leading experts in the field.