Reversal Learning
Reversal Learning - Related Videos
10:10
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Cited by 5 •
2011
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is indicated for the treatment of conditions that cannot be treated with conventional arthroplasty or other procedures. These primarily include degenerative and incapacitating conditions with irreparable rotator cuff and loss of the normal biomechanical coupling of the shoulder.
09:39
Creation of Reversible Cholestatic Rat Model
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2011
Cholestasis is a clinical condition commonly encountered by both surgeons and gastroenterologists. Creation of a reversible cholestatic rat model can be challenging in view of the smaller size and unique hepatopancreatobiliary anatomy in rats. This video article demonstrates the creation of a reversible cholestatic model.
10:06
An Introduction to Learning and Memory
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2023
Learning is the process of acquiring new information and memory is the retention or storage of that information. Different types of learning, such as non-associative and associative learning, and different types of memory, such as long-term and short-term memory, have been associated with human behaviors. Studying these components in detail helps behavioral scientists understand the neural mechanisms behind these two complex phenomena. JoVE's overview on learning and memory introduces common...
01:14
Diode: Reverse bias
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2024
A diode is reverse-biased when the positive terminal of an external voltage source is connected to the n-type material and the negative terminal to the p-type material. This configuration opposes the natural direction of current flow through the diode, effectively increasing the width of the depletion region and the barrier potential. The reverse bias condition produces a minimal leakage current, primarily due to minority charge carriers. This leakage becomes significant when the reverse...
01:24
Types of Reversible Electrodes
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2026
For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
FAQs
The critical test occurs after the original discrimination has been learned and its outcome changes. Successful performance requires the subject to stop relying on the previously reinforced choice, identify the new contingency, and adopt the alternative response. Comparing behavior before and after this change separates initial learning from flexibility in updating behavior.
Feedback signals that the former stimulus-outcome or response-outcome relationship is no longer valid. Subjects use this information to update expectations and guide acquisition of the alternative response. Performance therefore reflects not only whether behavior changes, but also how effectively the individual uses consequences to adjust decisions under altered contingencies.
Perseverative responding occurs when a subject continues selecting the previously rewarded option after reinforcement has shifted. This pattern indicates difficulty disengaging from an established response and adapting to new feedback. Measuring it helps researchers examine inhibitory control and distinguish persistent responding from more successful contingency updating.
A typical task begins with reinforcement-based training so the subject establishes a discrimination between alternatives. The experiment then changes which stimulus or response is rewarded, creating the reversal phase. Feedback during this phase supports learning of the new contingency, while researchers record behavior to evaluate adaptation and response change.
Researchers commonly assess errors, trials to criterion, and perseverative responding. Errors quantify incorrect choices, trials to criterion indicate how long acquisition of the changed contingency takes, and perseverative responding captures continued selection of the formerly rewarded option. Together, these measures describe the speed and quality of behavioral adaptation.
The paradigm provides a way to characterize adaptation when established relationships change, making it relevant to comparative behavioral research across species. It can also link flexibility with learning and decision-making, while studies of altered flexibility may help investigate relationships with neuropsychiatric function. The resulting measures support comparisons of adaptive behavior.