Elongation Factors
Elongation Factors - Related Videos
02:35
Transcription Elongation Factors
0 Views •
2020
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene. The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
02:35
Transcription Elongation Factors
0 Views •
2023
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene. The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
10:46
Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
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Cited by 3 •
2016
Here we detail protocols specifically designed to monitor morphogenic defects that occur during early and late phases of embryonic elongation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ultimately, these protocols are designed to identify genes that regulate these phases and to characterize their differential requirements along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo.
10:18
Generation of Plasmid Vectors Expressing FLAG-tagged Proteins Under the Regulation of Human Elongation Factor-1α Promoter Using Gibson Assembly
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Cited by 7 •
2015
Synthesis of custom plasmids is labor and time consuming. This protocol describes the use of Gibson assembly cloning to reduce the work and duration of custom DNA cloning procedure. The protocol described also produces reliable tagged protein constructs for mammalian expression at similar cost to the traditional cut-and-paste DNA cloning.
12:59
Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation
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Cited by 4 •
2021
Here, we describe computational tools and methods that allow visualization and analysis of three and four-dimensional image data of mouse embryos in the context of axial elongation and segmentation, obtained by in toto optical projection tomography, and by live imaging and whole-mount immunofluorescence staining using multiphoton microscopy.
FAQs
GTP hydrolysis couples chemical energy to key translation events. GTPase elongation factors use this energy while delivering aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ribosome, helping coordinate delivery with accurate codon-anticodon pairing. The same energy-dependent framework also supports ribosome movement along messenger RNA, linking cellular energy use to both the progress and reliability of protein synthesis.
Correct codon-anticodon pairing helps ensure that the amino acid carried by an incoming aminoacyl-tRNA matches the messenger RNA sequence. Elongation factors promote this selection step rather than merely accelerating delivery. Their activity therefore connects translation speed with accuracy, allowing researchers to examine how cells produce proteins while limiting errors in genetic information transfer.
Not all elongation factors perform the same task. Some GTPase factors deliver aminoacyl-tRNAs or support ribosome movement, whereas related factors release spent components and reset the cycle. This division of labor keeps elongation continuous by coordinating productive inputs with removal and recycling of components that have already participated in translation.
Researchers can examine how elongation factors influence three connected outcomes: translation speed, accuracy, and energy use. Comparing factor activity with these outcomes helps reveal how cells balance rapid protein production against faithful decoding and the energetic cost of GTP-dependent events. This makes elongation factors useful for studying regulation of protein synthesis at a mechanistic level.
Elongation factors are relevant to antibiotic research because they participate in essential translation events, including aminoacyl-tRNA delivery, codon-anticodon checking, and ribosome movement. Investigating these activities can help connect changes in elongation-factor function with disruption of protein synthesis. The topic therefore provides a biological context for examining how antibiotics may affect translation-related processes.
Changes in translation control can be considered in relation to genetic disease and cellular responses to stress because elongation factors help regulate protein production. Studying their roles can show how altered translation speed, accuracy, or energy use relates to these conditions. Their analysis therefore links the mechanics of protein synthesis with broader questions about cellular function and dysfunction.