Non-coding Sequences
Non-coding Sequences - Related Videos
02:39
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
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2020
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
10:59
New Methods to Study Gustatory Coding
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Cited by 1 •
2017
We present three new methods to study gustatory coding. Using a simple animal, the moth Manduca sexta (Manduca), we describe a dissection protocol, the use of extracellular tetrodes to record the activity of multiple gustatory receptor neurons, and a system for delivering and monitoring precisely timed pulses of tastants.
10:39
Isolation of High-density Lipoproteins for Non-coding Small RNA Quantification
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Cited by 40 •
2016
This protocol describes the isolation and quantification of high-density lipoprotein small RNAs.
02:02
Cis-regulatory Sequences
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2020
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
09:40
Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
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2018
Here, we present a protocol optimized for the processing of coding (mRNA) and non-coding (ncRNA) globin reduced RNA-seq libraries from a single whole blood sample.
FAQs
These regulatory elements influence gene expression in different ways. Promoters help determine where gene expression begins, while enhancers and silencers can increase or reduce activity in particular cellular contexts. Insulators contribute to functional boundaries within the genome. Together, their locations and activities help establish when and where genes are expressed, supporting distinct cellular identities.
Introns are removed from precursor messenger RNA during RNA splicing before the mature message is used to specify a protein. Their behavior illustrates that a DNA region can participate in gene expression without remaining in the final protein-coding message. Examining introns therefore helps connect genome structure with the processing steps that regulate gene output.
Some non-coding sequences are transcribed into functional non-coding RNAs rather than protein-coding messages. These RNAs represent one route through which genomic information can have biological activity without specifying a protein amino acid sequence. Considering both regulatory DNA elements and functional non-coding RNAs gives a broader view of how genomes organize information and control cellular behavior.
A variant in a non-coding region can alter gene activity rather than change a protein amino acid sequence. If the affected region participates in regulation, the change may influence when or where a gene is expressed, potentially contributing to disease. Across organisms, such differences can also help explain variation in traits and genome evolution.
A useful investigation can classify each region by its associated role, such as promoter, enhancer, silencer, insulator, intron, or transcribed non-coding sequence. Researchers can then relate that classification to gene activity, cellular identity, signal responses, genome organization, or chromosome maintenance. This framework connects sequence location and type with interpretable biological outcomes.
They are especially relevant when researchers want to explain why different cells express different genes or respond differently to signals. Regulatory regions can influence the timing and location of gene activity, while broader genome organization contributes to cellular control. Studying these sequences therefore adds regulatory context that protein-coding regions alone may not provide.
Comparing non-coding regions can reveal changes in regulatory control, genome organization, and chromosome maintenance across organisms. Such changes may affect gene activity without directly altering protein amino acid sequences. This makes non-coding sequence analysis useful for connecting differences in genomic architecture with evolutionary divergence and for examining how regulation changes over time.