Pegylated Vlps
Pegylated Vlps - Related Videos
04:24
An Assay to Quantify the Binding of Human Norovirus VLPs to Intestinal Bacteria
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2025
This video demonstrates an assay for quantifying human norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs) binding to human intestinal bacteria. The bacterial suspensions are mixed with the VLPs and incubated to allow the formation of VLP-bacteria complexes. The complexes are then labeled with fluorophore-tagged VLP-specific antibodies, followed by flow cytometry-based visualization and quantification to identify the percentage of VLP-bound bacteria.
04:27
The Virus-Like Particles Capture Assay: A Method to Isolate Antigen-Displaying VLPs from a Sample Using Neutralizing Antibody-Conjugated Magnetic Beads
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate an immunoprecipitation assay, called the VLP capture assay, to isolate antigen-displaying virus-like particles, or VLPs, from a sample. The antigen binds with specific antibodies bound to magnetic beads, forming an immobilized antigen-antibody complex that is later separated and stored for further analysis.
08:14
Analysis of the Solvent Accessibility of Cysteine Residues on Maize rayado fino virus Virus-like Particles Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants and Cross-linking of Peptides to VLPs
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Cited by 3 •
2013
A method to analyze the solvent accessibility of the thiol group of cysteine residues of Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV)-virus-like particles (VLPs) followed by a peptide cross-linking reaction is described. The method takes advantage of the availability of several chemical groups on the surface of the VLPs that can be targets for specific reactions.
03:51
Fluorescent Functionalization of Virus-Like Particles via Disulfide Re-bridging
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2026
Source: Chen, Z., et al. Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry. J. Vis. Exp. (2018)This video demonstrates the fluorescent functionalization of virus-like particles by re-bridging reduced disulfides with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker, producing stable, trackable conjugates suitable for cellular imaging and targeted delivery in biomedical applications.
10:18
Making Conjugation-induced Fluorescent PEGylated Virus-like Particles by Dibromomaleimide-disulfide Chemistry
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Cited by 12 •
2018
Here, we present a procedure to fluorescently functionalize the disulfides on Qβ VLP with dibromomaleimide. We describe Qβ expression and purification, the synthesis of dibromomaleimide-functionalized molecules, and the conjugation reaction between dibromomaleimide and Qβ. The resulting yellow fluorescent conjugated particle can be used as a fluorescence probe inside cells.
FAQs
PEG chains create a hydrated layer around exposed particle surfaces. This layer changes how neighboring particles interact with the surrounding medium, helping limit aggregation and improve colloidal stability. As a result, PEGylated VLPs can maintain a more consistent particle suspension, which is important when their nanoscale organization must be preserved for delivery, vaccination, or diagnostic use.
Exposed surface groups provide the sites where PEG chains can be attached to a VLP. Their availability influences how the polymer is positioned at the particle interface and therefore how effectively the hydrated layer modifies biological and physical interactions. This surface-focused design allows researchers to alter particle behavior while retaining the organized VLP structure that supports its function.
The hydrated PEG layer changes the particle surface encountered by immune cells and other biological components. This can modify immune-cell interactions without requiring researchers to discard the underlying VLP architecture. In biology, that distinction matters because particle design can be adjusted to influence immune responses while preserving the nanoscale organization needed for vaccine or delivery applications.
Researchers need to balance surface modification with preservation of the VLP's organized nanoscale structure. PEG attachment should improve stability or alter biological interactions without undermining the particle features that make VLPs useful as platforms. This design principle connects the modification step with the intended outcome, such as improved delivery behavior, vaccine performance, or use as a research reagent.
These particles can serve as platforms for more stable vaccines and as carriers for targeted drug delivery. PEG modification supports these uses by improving colloidal stability and changing interactions with immune cells and other biological components. The same engineered particle framework can therefore be adapted for different biological goals, including delivery, immunization, diagnostics, and research.
Studies can examine how PEG modification affects particle circulation, tissue distribution, and immune responses. These outcomes reveal whether changes at the particle surface influence behavior throughout a biological system. In biology research, such measurements help connect nanoscale surface engineering with practical performance as a delivery carrier, vaccine platform, diagnostic reagent, or experimental tool.