Acid-base Analysis

Acids and Bases An Arrhenius acid produces hydrogen ions when it is dissolved in water: HA + H2O → H+(aq) + A-(aq) Here, HA is the non-dissociated acid, H+ is the hydrogen cation, and A- is the solvated anion — called the conjugate base. An Arrhenius base produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water: BOH + H2O → B+(aq) + OH-(aq) Here, BOH is the non-dissociated base, OH- is the hydroxide ion, and B+ is the solvated cation — called the conjugate acid. A conjugate base is formed when an acid...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA Preparation of ~0.1 M NaOHExpand In the first part of the lab, you will use a 50% w/w solution of NaOH to prepare 500 mL of ~0.1 M. The 50% w/w NaOH is indicative of its weight ratio. For example, if the instructor prepared 150 mL of the 50% w/w NaOH solution, then 150 g of NaOH was dissolved in 150 g of water, and the total weight of the solution is 300 g. To begin, put on the appropriate personal protective equipment,...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA Preparation of ReagentsExpand Here, we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students working in pairs, with some excess. Please adjust quantities as needed. Prepare 25 mL of 50% w/w NaOH solution. Weigh 25 g of NaOH pellets and add them to a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Measure 25 mL of deionized water and add it to the flask. Add a magnetic stir bar and mix the solution on a stir plate until the solution appears...

In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond. A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...

Salts with Acidic Ions Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation: The ammonium ion is the conjugate acid of the base ammonia,...