Biomarker Detection
Biomarker Detection - Related Videos
07:32
A Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoassay for Protein Biomarker Detection
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2025
This video demonstrates a capillary electrophoresis immunoassay protocol for detecting a protein biomarker associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from human blood platelets. Confirmation of the presence of the ALS biomarker protein is achieved through size-based separation of the platelet proteins followed by chemiluminescent detection.
03:04
Colorimetric Detection of a Bacterial Biomarker Using a Modified Litmus Test
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2025
This video demonstrates a colorimetric E. coli detection method, involving an E. coli biomarker activating a DNAzyme, leading to cleavage of RNA linkage and detachment of a DNAzyme-urease conjugate. A subsequent colorimetric assay detects the E. coli biomarker through ammonia-induced pH changes.
10:22
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Cited by 59 •
2016
High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have emerged as presurgical biomarkers for the identification of the epileptogenic zone in pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy. A methodology for the noninvasive recording, detection, and localization of HFOs with simultaneous scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) is presented.
12:52
Iridium(III) Luminescent Probe for Detection of the Malarial Protein Biomarker Histidine Rich Protein-II
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Cited by 4 •
2015
Robust detection reagents are of increasing necessity for developing new malaria diagnostic tools. An iridium(III) probe was designed that emits long-lasting luminescent signal in the presence of a histidine-rich malarial protein biomarker. Detection of the protein either in solution or immobilized on a magnetic particle affords flexibility in application.
08:29
Biomarkers in an Animal Model for Revealing Neural, Hematologic, and Behavioral Correlates of PTSD
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Cited by 29 •
2012
We describe a rat model of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that reveals the persistent alterations in neuroendocrine function and the delayed long-term, exaggerated fear response, characteristic of PTSD patients. The animal model and methods described here are useful for correlating biomarkers in brain nuclei, which are mechanistic but cannot be measured in patients, with biomarkers in peripheral white blood cells, which can.
FAQs
Selectivity comes from pairing a biomarker with a recognition element that preferentially interacts with it. Antibody-antigen binding, nucleic acid hybridization, and enzyme-substrate reactions provide different chemical routes for distinguishing a target from other sample components. The selected interaction determines which molecules can be captured or transformed, helping the assay relate a measured signal to a specific physiological or disease-associated change.
A recognition event is coupled to a signal-generating response that can be measured optically, electrochemically, or through mass. For example, binding or an enzyme reaction may produce a detectable change, while the resulting signal intensity can reflect the amount of target present. Choosing the signal format affects how the assay records biomarker presence and supports quantitative analysis.
Assay design, sample preparation, calibration, and signal amplification jointly influence performance. Sample preparation can affect which substances reach the measurement step, while calibration connects signal intensity with biomarker amount. Signal amplification can improve detection of low-level targets, but the recognition chemistry and assay design must still distinguish the intended biomarker from unrelated sample components to preserve specificity.
A typical workflow begins with preparing the biological sample, followed by applying a selective recognition strategy such as antibody binding, nucleic acid hybridization, or an enzyme-substrate reaction. The resulting change is measured with an optical, electrochemical, or mass-based approach, then interpreted using calibration. These stages connect sample handling, molecular recognition, signal generation, and quantitative reporting.
Beyond clinical diagnosis, these measurements support environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical development, and biochemical research. Environmental applications use biomarker-related measurements to examine biological signals in monitored settings, while pharmaceutical studies can assess responses to treatment. In biochemical research, the same analytical approach helps investigate biological changes and can provide quantitative information about physiological or disease-associated processes.
By identifying and quantifying biological molecules or signals associated with a physiological state, disease process, or treatment response, biomarker assays can reveal changes before they are evaluated through broader outcomes. Calibration enables comparison of measured signal with biomarker amount, while selective recognition links the result to a target. This supports earlier detection, treatment-response analysis, and improved interpretation of biological change.