Ankle Brachial Index
Ankle Brachial Index - Related Videos
08:33
Ankle Exam
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2023
Source: Robert E. Sallis, MD. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA The ankle and foot provide the foundation for the body and the stability needed for upright posture and ambulation. Because of its weight-bearing function, the ankle joint is a common site of injury among athletes and in the general population. Ankle injuries occur as a result of both acute trauma and repetitive overuse (such as running). The ankle is a fairly simple joint, consisting of the articulation between the...
03:32
Exposing Brachial Plexus: A Surgical Technique to Visualize Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglet
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2025
This video describes an in vivo surgical procedure to expose the brachial plexus, a neural network that supplies cutaneous and muscular interventions to the upper limb. This surgery helps locate the plexus and eventually assess the extent of nerve injury involving the upper limb.
09:40
Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats
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Cited by 11 •
2016
Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function in humans can be determined by the flow-mediated dilation technique. Although thousands of studies have used this technique, no study has performed this technique non-invasively in rats. The following article describes non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats.
01:10
Ankle Joint
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2023
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
09:42
Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
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2026
This protocol presents a step-by-step instruction to create a neonatal brachial plexus injury in rats to be used as a model in brachial plexus birth injury research.
FAQs
An ankle pressure alone does not show how that value relates to the patient’s arm pressure. The ABI expresses that relationship by dividing the higher ankle systolic pressure by the higher brachial systolic pressure. The resulting ratio provides a standardized basis for recognizing reduced lower-extremity arterial circulation and estimating peripheral artery disease severity.
These two abnormal patterns have different clinical implications. A reduced ABI can indicate peripheral artery disease and may help estimate the severity of lower-extremity arterial impairment. In contrast, an unusually high value may reflect arteries that are stiff and poorly compressible, giving it a different clinical meaning from a reduced result.
An inflatable cuff is used to obtain systolic pressure readings at the arm and ankle. Those readings may be captured with Doppler ultrasound or an automated device, depending on the testing approach. Because the ABI calculation depends on pressures from both locations, cuff-based measurement at each site is essential to producing the vascular comparison.
Clinicians measure systolic pressure in the arm and at the ankle with an inflatable cuff, Doppler ultrasound, or an automated device. They select the higher arm and ankle values, divide the ankle value by the arm value, and interpret the ratio for lower-extremity arterial circulation. The result can then support screening or further clinical assessment.
ABI is useful when clinicians need information for vascular screening, peripheral artery disease diagnosis, risk assessment, treatment planning, or monitoring. Its result adds an objective comparison of ankle and arm pressures to the clinical evaluation. Because reduced values can indicate disease and help estimate severity, the test can support both initial assessment and ongoing care.
A reduced result can contribute to identifying peripheral artery disease and estimating its severity, information that supports vascular risk assessment and treatment planning. Repeated ABI testing can also help monitor vascular disease over time. Consequently, the measurement may provide clinically useful information beyond initial screening by helping assess the course of a patient’s vascular condition.