Apnea
Apnea - Related Videos
01:21
Sleep Apnea
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2024
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep. The condition is more prevalent among...
07:54
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Cited by 16 •
2016
The aim of this study was to establish a standardized protocol for sleep endoscopy to differentiate obstruction patterns in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Target-controlled infusion (TCI) of the sedative was combined with real-time monitoring of the depth of sedation using bispectral analysis.
10:25
Multi-system Monitoring for Identification of Seizures, Arrhythmias and Apnea in Conscious Restrained Rabbits
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Cited by 5 •
2021
Using simultaneous video-EEG-ECG-oximetry-capnography, we developed a methodology to evaluate the susceptibility of rabbit models to develop provoked arrhythmias and seizures. This novel recording system establishes a platform to test the efficacy and safety of therapeutics and can capture the complex cascade of multi-system events that culminate in sudden death.
07:15
Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
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2025
We present evidence-based preoxygenation strategies that demonstrate the use of oxygen masks and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation to optimize oxygenation in critically ill patients undergoing emergent tracheal intubation, thereby reducing the risk of hypoxemia, extending safe apnea time, and minimizing complications.
07:52
Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
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Cited by 3 •
2011
This video describes how to perform CO2 measurement in intubated as well as spontaneously breathing patients. The main clinical indications refer to emergency situations: (1) verifying adequate positioning of an endotracheal tube; (2) achieving normocapnia in trauma patients; (3) monitoring ventilation in the case of procedural sedation.
FAQs
The distinction depends on where the interruption arises. Obstructive apnea reflects blockage of the upper airway, whereas central apnea reflects a temporary failure of the brain to stimulate the respiratory muscles. Identifying this pattern helps clinicians interpret respiratory monitoring and polysomnography, distinguish different sleep-related breathing disorders, and select an appropriate treatment strategy.
During an apnea episode, airflow or breathing temporarily stops, limiting normal gas exchange. Oxygen levels may fall while carbon dioxide regulation is disrupted, particularly when events recur. These repeated changes can contribute to sleep disruption and clinically important complications, which is why evaluation considers both the occurrence of events and their severity.
Yes. Episodes may occur during sleep or wakefulness, so clinicians should not restrict the history to nighttime symptoms alone. Establishing when events occur helps connect the reported pattern with respiratory monitoring findings and supports a more accurate assessment of whether the patient has a sleep-related breathing disorder or another clinically relevant pattern.
Clinical evaluation combines the patient’s history with objective respiratory monitoring. When needed, polysomnography provides a more comprehensive assessment of events, including their pattern and severity. This combination is important because symptoms and observed episodes alone may not fully characterize the disturbance, while monitored findings can support diagnostic decisions and treatment planning.
Assessment begins with the patient’s history, followed by respiratory monitoring to document breathing or airflow interruptions. Polysomnography is often used when a detailed evaluation is needed, especially for suspected sleep-related breathing disorders. Clinicians then use the recorded pattern and severity, together with the history, to support diagnosis and guide treatment.
Polysomnography is useful when clinicians need detailed information about breathing events occurring during sleep. It can help identify whether the recorded pattern is consistent with obstructive or central events and assess their severity. Those findings support recognition of sleep-related breathing disorders, inform treatment decisions, and help evaluate disturbances associated with repeated oxygen desaturation and sleep disruption.