Fever Of Unknown Origin
Fever Of Unknown Origin - Related Videos
15:03
Identification of Unknown Aldehydes and Ketones - Student Protocol
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2020
Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA DNPH Test for Aromatic Aldehydes and KetonesExpand In this lab, you'll use the DNPH test, the Tollens' test, and the iodoform test to identify two unknown aldehydes or ketones. You'll use butanone and benzaldehyde as known compounds to confirm that the tests are working as expected. You'll start the lab with the DNPH test, which relies on the reaction between 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, or DNPH,...
06:48
Identification of Unknown Aldehydes and Ketones - Instructor Prep
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2020
Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA Preparation of Test SolutionsExpand Here, we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students working in pairs, with some excess. Please adjust quantities as needed. Before you start, put on a lab coat, splash-proof safety glasses, and nitrile gloves. Note: DNPH is a shock explosive, so handle it gently with low friction tools. Phosphoric acid is also toxic and corrosive. Prepare 100 mL of a 0.1 M...
08:53
Freezing-Point Depression to Determine an Unknown Compound
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Lynne O' Connell — Boston College When a solid compound is dissolved in a solvent, the freezing point of the resulting solution is lower than that of the pure solvent. This phenomenon is known as freezing-point depression, and the change in temperature is directly related to the molecular weight of the solute. This experiment is designed to find the identity of an unknown compound by using the phenomenon of freezing-point depression to determine its molecular weight. The...
01:25
Types of Fever
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2024
Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions. Here are the different types of fever: • Rigor: This type of fever is characterized by a sudden and severe attack of shivering, during which body temperature quickly rises to hyperpyrexia levels. • Hyperthermia: Occurs when the body temperature...
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Patterns of Fever
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2024
Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases. • The first stage is the onset/invasion phase, during which the body temperature rises. It might be a sudden or gradual process. • The second stage is the steady phase, during which the body temperature has reached its maximum and remains constant at a high level. • The third stage is the defervescence or decline phase, during which the elevated temperature returns to normal. The fever may subside...
FAQs
Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, alter the hypothalamic temperature set point, causing the body to regulate itself at a higher temperature. This mechanism explains the fever response but does not identify its source. In FUO, clinicians must therefore investigate the underlying process rather than treating the temperature change as a diagnosis by itself.
Several major disease categories can produce the same clinical finding, including occult infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease, and other inflammatory disorders. Less common conditions may also be responsible. Because these categories overlap in presentation, clinicians use the available history, examination findings, and test results to progressively narrow the possibilities instead of assuming one cause.
The history and physical examination establish the clinical context needed to select subsequent investigations. Their findings help clinicians identify which causes deserve priority and which tests are most appropriate. This individualized approach is more informative than ordering investigations without a clinical rationale, because it connects each diagnostic step to a specific possibility raised during assessment.
Evaluation begins with a detailed history and physical examination, followed by laboratory testing, cultures, imaging, and other targeted investigations. These elements are not used independently; clinicians interpret them together and adjust the workup according to emerging findings. A structured sequence supports systematic narrowing of the differential while limiting unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
The choice of laboratory tests, cultures, imaging studies, and other investigations should be guided by findings from the initial clinical assessment. Targeted testing focuses attention on plausible underlying conditions rather than applying the same investigation to every patient. Results then help determine whether the evaluation should emphasize infection, malignancy, autoimmune disease, or another inflammatory process.
An organized workup can narrow a complex differential diagnosis and help identify an underlying disease that may be treatable. Its value extends beyond finding a fever source: the process also reduces unnecessary testing by linking investigations to clinical findings. This structured reasoning makes FUO an important diagnostic challenge in clinical medicine and supports more focused care.