Stonefly Push Ups

Stonefly push-ups are rhythmic body movements performed by stonefly nymphs, aquatic immature insects whose presence often signals cool, clean, oxygen-rich streams. By repeatedly raising and lowering the abdomen, a nymph disturbs the surrounding water and promotes flow across external gills, supporting gas exchange when current or oxygen availability is limited. Observing this behavior helps researchers connect insect physiology with stream conditions and macroinvertebrate ecology. Alongside stonefly abundance and other biological indicators, push-up activity can contribute to field assessments of habitat quality, dissolved oxygen, and pollution impacts, while illustrating how aquatic insects respond behaviorally to their environment.

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Education

JoVE Business - Macroeconomics

Cost‐Push Inflation II

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2026

Cost-push inflation happens when the overall price level rises because production costs increase. It is explained using the AD-AS model. In the model, the vertical axis represents the overall price level, while the horizontal axis represents real GDP, or total output in the economy.Cost-push inflation begins on the supply side of the economy. Suppose global crude oil prices rise due to events like geopolitical tensions or a reduction in global supply. Since fuel is an important input used in...

Cost‐Push Inflation I

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2026

Cost-push inflation occurs when businesses face rising production expenses and respond by increasing the prices of their goods and services. In this situation, inflation begins with higher costs rather than stronger consumer demand. As more firms experience these cost increases, the effects can spread throughout the economy.Every business relies on inputs to produce and deliver its products. These inputs may include labor, raw materials, energy, and transportation services. When the cost of an...

Preparing and Administering IV Push Medications

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2017

Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT An intravenous (IV) push is the rapid administration of a small volume of medication into a patient's vein via a previously inserted IV catheter. Preparations for IV push administration are commonly provided in vials or ampules for withdrawal into a syringe. This method is used when a rapid response to a medication is required, or when the medication cannot be administered via the oral...

Drive-Reduction Theory: Push Theory of Motivation

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2025

Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory, introduced in the 1940s and 1950s and often termed the "push theory" of motivation, provides a framework for understanding how biological and learned drives influence behavior. Hull suggested that motivation originates from the need to alleviate physiological tension caused by unmet biological necessities. The theory proposes that when a basic need, such as hunger or sleep, goes unfulfilled, it creates an internal imbalance. This imbalance, or drive, pushes...

Research

JoVE Journal - Environment

A Push-pull Protocol to Reduce Colonization of Bird Nest Boxes by Honey Bees

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Cited by 1 •

2016

Preventing colonization of bird nest boxes by invasive Africanized honey bees is important for conservation efforts of nest-site limited birds. We provide an integrated pest management approach to "push" bees away from nest boxes with a repellant insecticide, permethrin, and "pull" them toward pheromone baited swarm traps.

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