Cox-2 Expression
Cox-2 Expression - Related Videos
10:26
Imaging Neurons within Thick Brain Sections Using the Golgi-Cox Method
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Cited by 10 •
2017
We present a protocol for using the Golgi-Cox staining method in thick brain sections, in order to visualize neurons with long dendritic trees contained within single tissue samples. Two variants of this protocol are also presented that involve cresyl violet counterstaining, and the freezing of unprocessed brains for long-term storage.
06:53
Visualization of Mitochondrial Respiratory Function using Cytochrome C Oxidase / Succinate Dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) Double-labeling Histochemistry
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Cited by 82 •
2011
The cytochrome c oxidase/sodium dehydrogenase (COX/SDH) double-labeling method allows for direct visualization of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme deficiencies in fresh-frozen tissue sections. This is a straightforward histochemical technique and is useful in investigating mitochondrial diseases, aging, and aging-related disorders.
02:37
Microscopic Imaging of Neurons in a Mouse Brain Section Using Golgi-Cox Metallic Staining
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2025
Source: Louth, E. L., et al. Imaging neurons within thick brain sections using the Golgi-Cox method. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)This video demonstrates imaging neurons in a Golgi-Cox stained thick brain section by setting upper and lower focus boundaries and capturing overlapping images. Multiple locations are imaged to ensure detailed neuronal projections, which are combined to create a 3D representation.
08:43
Visualizing the Effects of a Positive Early Experience, Tactile Stimulation, on Dendritic Morphology and Synaptic Connectivity with Golgi-Cox Staining
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Cited by 17 •
2013
This paper describes the procedures for tactile stimulation of rat pups and subsequent Golgi-Cox staining of neuronal morphology. Tactile stimulation is a positive experience that is administered in the perinatal period by stroking pups with a household duster. Golgi-cox staining is a reliable procedure permitting the visualization of entire neurons.
01:19
The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test
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2025
The Mantel-Cox log-rank test is a widely used statistical method for comparing the survival distributions of two groups. It tests whether a statistically significant difference exists in survival times between the groups without assuming a specific distribution for the survival data, making it a non-parametric test. This flexibility makes the log-rank test particularly valuable in medical research and other fields where the timing of an event, such as death or disease recurrence, is of interest.
FAQs
The key regulatory change is increased PTGS2 transcription after inflammatory stimulation. This raises production of COX-2 and supports greater arachidonic-acid processing and prostaglandin precursor generation. Because the response is inducible, COX-2 levels can vary substantially between resting and inflamed tissue, making expression a useful indicator of changing inflammatory activity.
Prostaglandins produced downstream of COX-2 act locally through prostaglandin receptors. Receptor signaling alters vascular and sensory responses, connecting molecular changes in lipid mediator production with inflammation, pain, and fever. This local signaling also means that the biological effect of increased expression depends on where the mediators are produced and which tissues receive the signal.
Expression patterns must be interpreted alongside tissue condition and clinical outcome. Increased COX-2 may accompany inflammatory disease or tissue injury, but it can also appear in some tumors. Comparing expression with disease features and patient outcomes helps determine whether the observed pathway activity primarily reflects inflammation, injury, tumor biology, or a combination of these contexts.
Measurement can help characterize inflammatory diseases, tissue injury, and some tumors by showing where regulated COX-2 production is increased. Researchers can then relate those patterns to prostaglandin-pathway activity and clinical outcomes. This approach supports biological characterization without treating expression alone as a complete explanation of disease behavior or therapeutic response.
COX-2 expression provides a molecular context for investigating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2-selective inhibitors. Studies can examine how suppressing prostaglandin pathways relates to inflammatory or sensory responses, then compare expression patterns with therapeutic benefits and risks. Such comparisons help connect drug action at the pathway level with medically meaningful outcomes.
Expression indicates regulated activity within the prostaglandin pathway, but its medical significance becomes clearer when paired with observed outcomes. Linking the two can clarify whether pathway suppression corresponds with therapeutic benefit, and whether it is associated with risks. This relationship is especially important when evaluating treatments that alter prostaglandin production through nonsteroidal or selective inhibition.